计算机专业英语【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS1

1.1 Computer Literacy1

1.2 What Is a Computer and What Does It Do2

1.3 The Components of a Computer2

1.3.1 Input Devices3

1.3.2 Output Devices3

1.3.3 System Unit3

1.3.4 Storage Devices4

1.3.5 Communication Devices5

1.4 Computer Software5

1.4.1 System Software6

1.4.2 Application Software6

1.5 Networks and the Internet7

1.6 Categories of Computers8

1.6.1 Personal Computers8

1.6.2 Minicomputers9

1.6.3 Mainframe Computers9

1.6.4 Super Computers9

1.7 Examples of Computers Usage10

1.7.1 Home Users10

1.7.2 Small Business Users10

1.7.3 Mobile Users10

1.7.4 Large Business Users10

1.7.5 Power Users10

The Characteristics of Science and Technology English16

Reading Materials19

Computers in Everyday Life19

SUMMARY24

CHAPTER 2 THE INTERNETAND WORLD WIDE WEB25

2.1 How the Internet Works25

2.1.1 Connecting to the Internet25

2.1.2 Access Providers26

2.1.3 How Data Travels the Internet27

2.1.4 Internet Addresses28

2.2 The World Wide Web(WWW)29

2.2.1 Browsing the Web29

2.2.2 Web Addresses30

2.2.3 Navigating Web Pages30

2.2.4 Searching For Information on the Web31

2.3 Types of Web Sites33

2.3.1 Portal33

2.3.2 News33

2.3.3 Informational34

2.3.4 Business/Marketing34

2.3.5 Educational34

2.3.6 Entertainment34

2.3.7 Advocacy34

2.3.8 Blog35

2.3.9 Content Aggregator35

2.3.10 Personal35

2.3.11 Wiki35

2.3.12 Evaluating a Web Site35

The Quality Criteria and Basic Method of Science and Technology English Translation42

Reading Materials45

Other Internet Services45

SUMMARY50

CHAPTER 3 THE COMPONENTS IN THE SYSTEM UNIT51

3.1 The System Unit51

3.2 Central Processing Unit52

3.2.1 The Control Unit52

3.2.2 Arithmetic/Logic Unit52

3.2.3 Registers52

3.3 Microprocessor52

3.3.1 Microprocessor Comparison52

3.3.2 Parallel Processing53

3.3.3 Coprocessor53

3.4 Data Representation53

3.4.1 ASCII53

3.4.2 EBCDIC53

3.4.3 Unicode53

3.5 Different Types of Memory54

3.5.1 RAM54

3.5.2 ROM55

3.5.3 Flash Memory55

3.5.4 CMOS55

3.5.5 Memory Access Times56

3.6 Expansion Slots and Expansion Boards56

3.7 How Is a Serial Port Different from a Parallel Port56

3.7.1 Serial Port56

3.7.2 Parallel Port56

Word Building of Professional Computer English62

Reading Materials66

Emerging Technologies66

SUMMARY68

CHAPTER 4 INPUT69

4.1 What Is Input69

4.2 What Are Input Devices70

4.3 The Keyboard70

4.4 Pointing Devices72

4.4.1 Mouse72

4.4.2 Trackball73

4.4.3 Touchpad73

4.4.4 Stick74

4.4.5 Joystick74

4.4.6 Touch Screen74

4.4.7 Pen Input74

4.4.8 Light Pen75

4.4.9 Graphics Tablet75

4.5 Scanners and Reading Devices75

4.5.1 Optical Scanner75

4.5.2 Optical Readers76

4.6 Digital Cameras78

Several Relations and the phenomenon of word addition in Science and Technology English Translation83

Reading Materials86

Audio and Video Input86

SUMMARY88

CHAPTER 5 OUTPUT89

5.1 What Is Output89

5.2 What Are Output Devices90

5.3 Display Devices90

5.3.1 CRT Monitors90

5.3.2 Flat-Panel Displays92

5.3.3 Monitor Quality93

5.3.4 Video Cards94

5.4 Printers95

5.4.1 Impact Printer95

5.4.2 Nonimpact Printer96

The Translation Method of Passive Voice107

Reading Materials109

Audio Output,Terminals and Other Output Devices109

SUMMARY112

CHAPTER 6 STORAGE113

6.1 Memory113

6.2 Types of Storage113

6.3 Floppy Disks115

6.3.1 Characteristics of Magnetic Media115

6.3.2 Characteristics of a Floppy Disk116

6.4 USB Flash Drive116

6.5 Hard Disk117

6.5.1 Characteristics of a Hard Disk117

6.5.2 How dose a Hard Disk Work118

6.5.3 Maintaining Data Stored on a Hard Disk119

The Translation Method of Noun Clause125

Reading Materials126

Compact Discs,Tapes,PC Cards and Other Types of Storage126

SUMMARY131

CHAPTER 7 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS132

7.1 Communications132

7.2 How Is Communications Used132

7.3 Communications Channel133

7.4 Physical Transmission Media133

7.4.1 Twisted-Pair Cable133

7.4.2 Coaxial Cable134

7.4.3 Fiber-Optic Cable134

7.5 Wireless Transmission Media134

7.5.1 Broadcast Radio135

7.5.2 Microwaves136

7.5.3 Communications Satellite136

7.5.4 Infrared137

7.6 Transmission Characteristics137

7.6.1 Signal Type:Analog or Digital137

7.6.2 Broadband vs.Baseband137

7.6.3 Transmission Modes:Asynchronous and Synchronous138

7.6.4 Transmission Direction:Simplex,Half-Duplex,and Full-Duplex138

7.6.5 Transfer Rates139

7.7 The Telephone Network139

7.7.1 Dial-up Lines140

7.7.2 Dedicated Line140

7.8 Communications Software142

7.9 Networks143

7.9.1 Local Area Network143

7.9.2 Wide Area Network143

7.9.3 Network Topologies143

7.9.4 Protocol144

7.9.5 Intranets144

7.9.6 Extranets144

The Translation Method of Adjective Clause150

Reading Materials153

Communications Devices153

SUMMARY157

CHAPTER 8 OPERATING SYSTEM158

8.1 System Software and Operating System158

8.2 User Interfaces159

8.3 Features of Operating Systems160

8.4 Functions of an Operating System161

8.4.1 Memory Management161

8.4.2 Spooling Print Jobs161

8.4.3 Configuring Devices162

8.4.4 Monitoring System Performance163

8.4.5 Administering Security163

8.4.6 Managing Storage Medium and Files163

8.4.7 Establishing an Internet Connection164

8.5 Examples of popular Operating Systems164

8.5.1 Windows XP164

8.5.2 Windows Vista165

The Translation Method of Adverbial Clause171

Reading Materials174

Network Operating Systems174

SUMMARY176

CHAPTER 9 DATABASE177

9.1 Data and Information177

9.1.1 Data Integrity177

9.1.2 Data Security178

9.2 File Processing Versus Databases178

9.2.1 File Processing Systems178

9.2.2 The Database Approach179

9.3 Database Management System181

9.3.1 Data Dictionary181

9.3.2 Data Maintenance and Retrieval182

9.3.3 Data Security183

9.3.4 Backup and Recovery183

Introduction to Science and Technology Paper-writing in English189

Reading Materials192

Relational Databases,Object-Oriented Databases,and Database Administration192

SUMMARY195

CHAPTER 10 CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES196

10.1 Application Software196

10.1.1 The Role of the Operating System197

10.1.2 The Role of the User Interface197

10.2 Productivity Software198

10.2.1 Word Processing Software198

10.2.2 Spreadsheet Software198

10.2.3 Database Software198

10.2.4 Presentation Graphics Software199

10.2.5 Personal Information Managers200

10.2.6 Software Suite200

10.2.7 Project Management Software201

10.2.8 Accounting Software201

10.3 Graphics and Multimedia Software201

10.3.1 Computer-Aided Design202

10.3.2 Desktop Publishing Software(Professional)202

10.3.3 Paint/Image Editing Software(Professional)203

10.3.4 Video and Audio Editing Software203

10.3.5 Multimedia Authoring Software203

10.3.6 Web Page Authoring203

10.4 Software for Communications204

10.4.1 Groupware204

10.4.2 Electronic Mail Software204

10.4.3 Web Browsers205

10.5 Programming Languages205

10.5.1 Machine Languages205

10.5.2 Assembly Languages206

10.5.3 Third-Generation Languages206

10.5.4 Fourth-Generation Languages207

10.5.5 Natural Languages208

10.5.6 Object-Oriented Program Development208

Introduction to Writing Resume and Position-Applying Letters216

Reading Materials218

Popular Programming Languages and Web Page Program Development218

SUMMARY224

第1章 计算机引论225

1.1 计算机文化225

1.2 什么是计算机，计算机能干什么225

1.3 计算机的部件226

1.3.1 输入设备226

1.3.2 输出设备226

1.3.3 系统单元226

1.3.4 外部存储器设备227

1.3.5 通信设备227

1.4 计算机软件227

1.4.1 系统软件228

1.4.2 应用软件228

1.5 网络和因特网229

1.6 计算机的分类230

1.6.1 个人计算机230

1.6.2 小型计算机230

1.6.3 大型计算机230

1.6.4 巨型计算机230

1.7 计算机应用举例231

1.7.1 家庭用户231

1.7.2 小型企业用户231

1.7.3 移动用户231

1.7.4 大型企业用户231

1.7.5 超级用户231

第2章 因特网与万维网232

2.1 因特网如何工作232

2.1.1 连接到因特网232

2.1.2 访问提供商233

2.1.3 数据如何在因特网上传输233

2.1.4 因特网地址234

2.2 万维网（WWW）234

2.2.1 浏览网页235

2.2.2 网络地址235

2.2.3 网页导航235

2.2.4 搜索网络信息236

2.3 网站的类型237

2.3.1 门户网站237

2.3.2 新闻网站238

2.3.3 信息网站238

2.3.4 商务／销售网站238

2.3.5 教育网站238

2.3.6 娱乐网站238

2.3.7 宣传网站238

2.3.8 博客网站238

2.3.9 内容聚合发布网站239

2.3.10 个人网站239

2.3.11 维基网站239

2.3.12 网站的评估239

第3章 系统单元部件240

3.1 系统单元240

3.2 中央处理器240

3.2.1 控制器240

3.2.2 算术逻辑部件240

3.2.3 寄存器240

3.3 微处理器240

3.3.1 微处理器比较240

3.3.2 并行处理241

3.3.3 协处理器241

3.4 数据表示241

3.4.1 ASCII241

3.4.2 EBCDIC241

3.4.3 Unicode241

3.5 存储器类型242

3.5.1 RAM242

3.5.2 ROM242

3.5.3 闪存243

3.5.4 CMOS243

3.5.5 存储器的存取时间243

3.6 扩展槽和扩充卡243

3.7 串行端口与并行端口243

3.7.1 串行端口243

3.7.2 并行端口243

第4章 输入244

4.1 什么是输入244

4.2 什么是输入设备244

4.3 键盘245

4.4 定位设备246

4.4.1 鼠标246

4.4.2 轨迹球247

4.4.3 触摸板247

4.4.4 定位棒247

4.4.5 游戏杆247

4.4.6 触摸屏248

4.4.7 输入笔248

4.4.8 光笔248

4.4.9 绘图板248

4.5 扫描仪和读入设备248

4.5.1 光学扫描仪248

4.5.2 光学阅读器249

4.6 数码相机250

第5章 输出251

5.1 什么是输出251

5.2 什么是输出设备252

5.3 显示设备252

5.3.1 CRT显示器252

5.3.2 平板显示器253

5.3.3 显示器质量254

5.3.4 视频卡255

5.4 打印机255

5.4.1 击打式打印机256

5.4.2 非击打式打印机256

第6章 存储器259

6.1 内存259

6.2 存储器的类型259

6.3 软盘260

6.3.1 磁性介质的特性260

6.3.2 软盘的特性261

6.4 USB闪存驱动器261

6.5 硬盘262

6.5.1 硬盘的特性262

6.5.2 硬盘是如何工作的263

6.5.3 维护存储在硬盘上的数据264

第7章 通信和网络265

7.1 通信的概念265

7.2 通信技术的应用265

7.3 信道265

7.4 物理传输介质265

7.4.1 双绞线266

7.4.2 同轴电缆266

7.4.3 光缆266

7.5 无线传输介质267

7.5.1 广播无线电267

7.5.2 微波268

7.5.3 通信卫星268

7.5.4 红外线268

7.6 传输特性268

7.6.1 信号类型：模拟还是数字269

7.6.2 宽带与基带269

7.6.3 传输模式：异步和同步269

7.6.4 传输方向：单工、半双工和全双工269

7.6.5 传输率270

7.7 电话网络270

7.7.1 拨号线路270

7.7.2 专线270

7.8 通信软件272

7.9 网络273

7.9.1 局域网273

7.9.2 广域网273

7.9.3 网络拓扑结构273

7.9.4 协议273

7.9.5 企业内部网273

7.9.6 企业外部网273

第8章 操作系统274

8.1 系统软件与操作系统274

8.2 用户界面274

8.3 操作系统的特点275

8.4 操作系统的功能275

8.4.1 内存管理276

8.4.2 假脱机打印作业276

8.4.3 配置设备276

8.4.4 系统性能监控277

8.4.5 管理安全277

8.4.6 存储介质和文件管理277

8.4.7 建立因特网连接278

8.5 大众操作系统实例278

8.5.1 Windows XP278

8.5.2 Windows Vista279

第9章 数据库280

9.1 数据和信息280

9.1.1 数据完整性280

9.1.2 数据安全性280

9.2 文件处理与数据库对比281

9.2.1 文件处理系统281

9.2.2 数据库方法281

9.3 数据库管理系统283

9.3.1 数据字典283

9.3.2 数据维护和检索283

9.3.3 数据安全284

9.3.4 备份和恢复284

第10章 软件分类和程序设计语言285

10.1 应用软件285

10.1.1 操作系统的角色285

10.1.2 用户界面的角色286

10.2 高效软件286

10.2.1 字处理软件286

10.2.2 电子表格287

10.2.3 数据库软件287

10.2.4 演示图形软件287

10.2.5 个人数字助理288

10.2.6 套装软件288

10.2.7 项目管理软件288

10.2.8 财务软件289

10.3 图形和多媒体软件289

10.3.1 计算机辅助设计289

10.3.2 桌面出版软件（专业级）289

10.3.3 图形／图像编辑软件（专业级）290

10.3.4 视频和音频编辑软件290

10.3.5 多媒体制作软件290

10.3.6 网页制作290

10.4 通信软件290

10.4.1 群件290

10.4.2 电子邮件软件290

10.4.3 网页浏览器291

10.5 程序设计语言291

10.5.1 机器语言292

10.5.2 汇编语言292

10.5.3 第三代语言292

10.5.4 第四代语言293

10.5.5 自然语言293

10.5.6 面向对象的程序开发294

附录A 习题参考答案295

参考文献299