现代汉译英口译教程【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Unit One Tourism in China1

Ⅰ．Reading Materiais1

1．China—A Tourist Attraction1

2．Beijing Today and Yesterday1

Contents1

3．The Great Wall4

4．The Temple of Heaven5

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions7

Ⅲ．Language Notes14

1．“世界第八奇观”14

2．“解放”怎么译？14

3．表示地理位置的介词in,to和of14

4．一些中国特有的词组、用语的翻译14

5．地名的译法14

（1）Road,street,avenue,boulevard,lane,alley,thoroughfare,expressway,15

9．同义词、近义词辨析15

freeway15

6．口译时中国计量单位的换算15

8．倍数表达法15

7．Beijing还是Peking？15

（2）Construction,building,structure16

（3）Site,scene,locale16

（4）Pillar,column16

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting18

1．口译课的目的18

2．口译课的特点18

3．记忆力是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功19

（1）Mass Participation and the Nationwide Fitness Campaign21

1．Sports in China21

Ⅰ．Reading Materials21

Unif Two Sports21

（2）Physical Education and Research in Sports Sciences23

（3）Growing Exchanges23

2．Traditional Sports23

（1）Wushu24

（2）Qigong25

3．Beijing,a Host City of the Olympiad25

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions26

Ⅲ．Language Notes36

1．Record一词的搭配法36

2．得冠军、得奖牌的表达法36

3．体育运动中的“实力”、“强项”怎么译？36

5．“体育”用来修饰其他名词时，英语可用sports或sporting表达37

4．“黑马”为什么是“dark”horse？37

6．“运动员”的表达法38

7．“排名第……”怎么说？38

8．同义词、近义词辨析38

（1）Physique,constitution38

（2）Practice,exercise［1］39

（3）Facility,equipment39

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting40

数字的汉英互译是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功40

1．数字的笔录40

2．数字的译法和读法40

（1）整数的译法和读法40

（2）小数的译法和读法41

（3）分数、代分数的译法和读法41

（4）百分数的译法和读法42

Ⅰ．Reading Materials43

1．Education in China43

（1）Major Types of Education in China43

Unit Three Education43

（2）International Exchange and Cooperation45

2．Education towards the 21st Century46

（1）Essential-Quality-Oriented(EQO)Education47

（2）High-Level Creative Talent Development Project47

（3）Modern Distance Education and Lifelong Learning48

（4）Project of Commercializing High and New Technologies Developed49

in HEIs49

3 The New Zhejiang University49

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions51

2．School一词的搭配法60

Ⅲ．Language Notes60

1．Education一词的搭配法60

3．“举办”、“主办”怎么译？61

4．“培养（人才）”怎么译？61

5．Program一词的意思62

6．我国常见政策等简称的参考译法62

7．同义词、近义词辨析63

（1）Law,rule,regulation63

（2）Class,course63

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting65

口译的类型和标准65

Unit Four Women and Children67

Ⅰ．Reading Materials67

1．Chinese Women Holding Up Haif the Sky67

（1）Women s Participation in Political Affairs68

（3）Women s Role in Domains of Science and Technology69

（2）Women s Involvement in Industrial and Agricultural Production69

（4）Education for Women70

2．Chinese Laws Protect Minors70

（1）Guiding Principles for the Protection of Minors71

（2）Protection in the Family71

（3）Protection in School71

（4）Protection in Society72

（5）Judicial Protection72

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions73

Ⅲ．Language Notes79

1．构成百分比的表达法79

2．“平等”、“不平等”如何表达？79

5．“聋哑和智残儿童”的一种新的表达法80

6．一些职务的参考译法80

3．“参政”、“参与国事”怎么译？80

4．-minded和-spirited构成的复合词80

7．同义词、近义词辨析81

（1）Emancipation,Iiberation81

（2）Eradicate,eliminate,uproot,exterminate,wipe out82

（3）Deputy,delegate,representative83

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting84

记笔记是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功84

Unit Five The Elderly and the Family87

1．Reading Materials87

1．Characteristics of the Aging of Population in China87

2．The Work on Aging in China87

（2）Family Life89

3．The Chinese Family and Family Life89

（1）Family Patterns89

（3）The Five-Good Family Campaign90

4．Traditional Ethics and Contemporary Marriage90

（1）Traditional Ethics90

（2）Marriage and Divorce91

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions93

Ⅲ．Language Notes98

1．Standard一词的搭配法98

2．Change一词的搭配法98

5．我国政权机关各级地区的参考译法99

6．同义词、近义词辨析99

（1）City,municipality,town,township99

4．“……岁以上／以下”的表达法99

3．“老人”怎么译？99

（2）Family,household100

（3）Alter,change100

（4）Movement,campaign100

（5）Obiigation,duty101

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting102

如何记笔记102

Unit Six Population and Deveiopment107

Ⅰ．Reading Materials107

1．China:A Developing Country with the Largest Population in the World107

2．General Characteristics of China s Population107

（1）Predominantly Rural Population107

（2）Uneven Population Distribution107

（1）Strict Control of Population Growth and Family Planning108

3．Family Planning in China108

（4）A Slight Increase in the Population of Ethnic Groups108

（3）A Large Base Figure with an Increasing Aging Population108

（2）Publicity and Education109

（3）Economic Incentives110

（4）Technical Guidance in Birth Control111

4．Achievements Accomplished since the Implementation of Family111

Planning Program111

（1）Excessive Population Growth Brought under Effective Control111

（2）Marked Improvement in Level of Education112

5．Further Practice of Family Planning Needed112

Challenges to Be Faced in the Next Few Decades113

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions114

1．Population一词的搭配法119

2．“达到（数字）“怎么译？119

Ⅲ．Language Notes119

3．“照顾”怎么译？120

4．“考虑”怎么译？120

5．“宣传”、“传播”、“普及”、“推广”怎么译？121

6．Achieve作及物动词的种种用法122

7．百分率（percent）与百分点（percentage point）122

8．同义词、近义词辨析123

（1）Allot,allocate,distribute123

（2）Ensure,guarantee123

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting125

1．如何做数字的笔记125

2．笼统数字的译法126

3．对“序数”提问的译法126

1．China—A Nation of Many Ethnic Groups127

Ⅰ．Reading Materials127

Unit Seven China s Minority Ethnic Groups127

2．China s Policies on Ethnic Peoples128

3．China s 56 Ethnic Groups129

4．The Dernocratic Reformn,Socialist Transformation,and Ethnic Autonomy131

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions133

Ⅲ．Language Notes142

1．Unity一词的搭配法142

2．Movement一词的搭配法142

3．“民族”、“少数民族”怎么译？142

4．Practice做及物动词的种种用法142

5．表示“享有”的enjoy143

6．同义词、近义词辨析143

（1）Unity,solidarity143

（3）Characteristic,feature144

（2）Relation,relationship144

（4）Decide,determine145

（5）Historic,historical145

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting146

译员的素质146

Unit Eight Religion147

Ⅰ．Reading Materials147

1．Religious Beliefs of the Peoples in China147

（1）Buddhism147

（2）Taoism148

（3）Isiam149

（4）Catholicism150

（5）Protestantism151

2．China’s Policy on Religious Belief151

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions153

Ⅲ．Language Notes162

1．Influence一词的搭配法162

2．Activity一词的搭配法163

3．Policy一词的搭配法163

4．“恢复”怎么译？164

5．同义词、近义词辨析165

（1）Influence,impact165

（2）Abrogate,abolish165

（3）Declare,announce,proclaim166

（4）Compel,force166

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting167

口译使用的语言167

1．China s Heaith Work169

Ⅰ．Reading Materials169

Unit Nine Medicine169

2．Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）170

3．Theoretic Framework,Diagnosis and Pharmacology of TCM171

4．Beijing Friendship Hospital174

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions175

Ⅲ．Language Notes187

1．Network一词的搭配法187

2．Regulation一词的搭配法187

3．Result一词的搭配法187

4．“病人”的表达法188

5．增、减、获得、产生、损坏“抵抗力”的表达法188

6．Cover表示“支付”的用法189

7．Develop一词的多种含义189

8．-conscious构成的复合词190

10．“机关”、“机构”怎么译？191

9．“上升”和“下降”的表达法191

11．同义词、近义词辨析192

（1）Hygiene,sanitation192

（2）Spread,disseminate,propagate192

（3）Disease,sickness,illness,ailment,maiady193

（4）Effect,result,consequence,outcome194

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting195

口语体语音、语法、词汇和句子结构的特点195

1．语音层次195

2．语法和句法层次195

3．词汇层次197

Ⅰ．Reading Materials199

1．Industry in China:An Overview199

Unit Ten Industry199

（1）Heavy Industry200

（2）Space Industry201

（3）Light Industry202

2．Haier Striving to Create Global Brand Name203

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions205

Ⅲ．Language Notes213

1．System一词的搭配法213

2．“生产”、“产量”、“产品”的各种表达法213

3．Operation一词的意思215

4．Capacity一词的意思215

5．日本人名的译法值得特别注意216

6．同义词、近义词辨析216

（1）Factory,plant,works,mill,complex216

（2）Foundation,base,basis216

（3）Energy,power217

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting219

口译译员的理解问题219

Unit Eleven Agriculture and Rural Economy221

Ⅰ．Reading Materiais221

1．China s Rural Reform221

（1）Agriculture—the Foundation of China s Economic Development221

（2）Ups and Downs in China s Agricultural Production221

（3）Policies and Measures for Rural Reform222

（4）The Household Contract Responsibiilty System223

（5）The Second Period of the Rural Reform from 1985 Onward223

2．Food Security in China224

（1）New China Has Solved the Problem of Feeding Its People224

（3）China Can Ensure Food Security Relying on Domestic Production226

（2）Future Food Demand in China226

3．Township Enterprises227

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions229

Ⅲ．Language Notes234

1．Attention一词的搭配法234

2．Measure一词的搭配法234

3．“提高”的表达法235

4．增产／减产的表达法236

5．Food security和food safety237

6．“农药”的译法237

7．“品种”的译法237

8．“水果蔬菜”的译法237

9．同义词、近义词辨析237

（1）Peasant,farmer237

（2）Agricuiture,farming238

译员对说话人以及自己错误的处理239

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting239

Unit Twelve Foreign Trade and Special Economic Zones241

Ⅰ．Reading Materials241

1．China s Foreign Economic Reiations and Trade241

2．China s Accession to WTO and Participation in Economic Globalization243

3．Special Economic Zones in China244

4．Shanghai s Pudong New Zone245

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions246

Ⅲ．Language Notes255

1．Trade一词的搭配法255

2．Market一词的搭配法255

3．Profit一词的搭配法256

4．“参加”、“参与”怎么译？257

5．动词expand的用法257

6．动词invoive的意思258

7．动词feature的意思259

8．同义词、近义词辨析259

（1）Figure,number259

（2）Help,aid,assist260

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting261

译员的文化交流意识261

Unit Thirteen Science and Technoiogy263

Ⅰ．Reading Materials263

1．Development of Science and Technology in China263

2．Take a New Road to Industrialization and Implement the Strategy of264

Developing the Country by Relying on Science and Education and264

That of Sustainable Development264

3．Information Technoiogy(IT)Industry in China265

4．Contributions by Ancient China266

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions268

Ⅲ．Language Notes274

1．Plan一词的搭配法274

2．Level一词的搭配法274

3．Ability一词的搭配法275

4．“科研机构／单位”、“科研人员”的表达法275

5．“单位”怎么译？276

6．同义词、近义词辨析276

（1）Institute,institution276

（2）Technique,technology277

（3）Personnel,staff,employee,human resources277

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting280

口译译员的应变能力280

（2）Establishment of Diversified Ownerships281

（1）Introduction281

1．Economic Development in China281

Ⅰ．Reading Materials281

Unit Fourteen Economic Development and Reform281

（3）Better Coordinated Economic Structure282

（4）Economic Restructuring282

2．China s 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005)283

（1）Proposal for Formulating the 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005)for283

National Economic and Social Development283

（2）Guiding Principles of the Outline of the 10th Five-Year Pian284

3．Private Sector285

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions287

Ⅲ．Language Notes294

1．Reform一词的搭配法294

2．Goal一词的搭配法294

4．“改革开放”、“改革开放以来”的表达法295

3．Effort（s）一词的搭配法295

5．“个体和私营经济成分”为什么译做private sector？296

6．“加快”、“加速”怎么译？296

7．“坚持”怎么译？296

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting299

口译译员应具有良好的口头表达能力299

Unit Fifteen Environmental Protection301

Ⅰ．Reading Materials301

1．Environmental Protection in China301

（1）Guiding Principles,Policies,Laws and Measures for Environmental301

Protection301

（2）The Environmental Situation in China Today302

（3）Environmental Protection in Various Fields303

2．China s Position on Environmental Protection304

Environmental Protection304

（4）Education to Raise the Nation s Awareness of the Importance of304

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions306

Ⅲ．Language Notes314

1．Cooperation一词的搭配法314

2．Development一词的搭配法314

3．Problem一词的搭配法315

4．Management一词的搭配法316

5．表示“恶化”的degradation和deterioration317

6．同义词、近义词辨析318

（1）Area,region,zone,beif318

（2）Contamination,pollution319

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting320

口译译员应通晓外事社交礼节，遵守涉外行为规范320

1．The International Situation and Our External Work323

Unit Sixteen China s Foreign Policy323

Ⅰ．Reading Materials323

2．China s Independent Foreign Policy of Peace325

3．China s Proposition on the Establishment of a New International327

Political and Economic Order327

4．China s Perception of the Current International Situation328

5．China s View on the Development of MultiPolarity329

6．China s Stand on South-South Cooperation330

7．Asia-Europe Cooperation330

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions333

Ⅲ．Language Notes342

1．Relation一词的搭配法342

2．Principle一词的搭配法342

3．Friendship一词的搭配法343

4．“主张”怎么译？344

5．“维护”怎么译？345

6．“重视”、“注意”怎么译？346

7．“反对”怎么译？348

8．“遵守”、“遵循”、“遵照”怎么译？348

9．“实现”怎么译？349

10．“矛盾”怎么译？350

11．同义词、近义词辨析351

（1）Reciprocal,mutual,common351

（2）Opportunity,chance352

（3）Interference,intervention353

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting354

礼仪、接待套语的口译354

2．The Relationship between the Central Government and the Hong Kong359

(HKSAR and MSAR)359

and Macao Special Administrative Regions359

3．Taiwan359

Ⅰ．Reading Materials359

Policles towards Hong Kong,Macao,and Talwan359

Unit Seventeen359

1．Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions359

（1）The Policy of Peaceful Reunification;One Country,Two Systems360

（2）The Chinese Government s Position and Policy on Matters Related361

to Taiwan361

（3）A Step-by-Step Way of Officially Ending the State of Hostility between363

the Two Sides and Accomplishing a Peaceful Reunification of the363

Motherland363

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions366

1．Sovereignty一词的搭配法370

2．Negotiation一词的搭配法370

Ⅲ．Language Notes370

3．Tie（s）一词的搭配法371

4．Agreement一词的搭配法371

5．Understanding一词的搭配法372

6．“问题”怎么译？372

7．“按照”、“根据”怎么译？375

8．同义词、近义词辨析377

（1）Practice,exercise［2］377

（2）Resolve,solve377

（3）Inheritance,heritage,legacy378

（4）Whole,entire,all,totall378

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting380

成语、谚语的译法380

Ⅰ．Reading Materials383

1．Beijing Opera383

Unit Eighteen Cuiture383

2．Chinese Music385

3．Chinese Literature386

4．Chinese Painting387

5．Calligraphy389

6．Acrobatics389

7．Arts and Crafts390

8．Mass Media in China391

（1）Newspapers391

（2）Radio391

（3）Television392

（4）Films392

Ⅱ Words and Expressions394

2．Reputation一词的搭配法406

Ⅲ．Language Notes406

1．Achievement一词的搭配法406

3．Information一词的搭配法407

4．日期、数字前面的c.表示什么？408

5．“景泰蓝”名称的由来408

6．同义词、近义词辨析408

（1）Entertainment,amusernent,recreation408

（2）Restrain,restrict409

（3）Correspordent,reporter,journalist,newsman409

（4）Film(s),movie(s),cinema410

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting411

值得口译译员注意的汉、英文体差异411

相关网址413

参考书目416