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Introduction: Exploring Transnational Administrative Rule-Making&Olaf Dilling, Martin Herberg, and Gerd Winter1

Ⅰ.Defining the Object of Research and Excavating a Discrete Strata of Global Norms2

Ⅱ.Varieties of Transnational Administrative Constellations3

Ⅲ.From Soft Law to Hard Law: The Manifold Sources of Public Authority4

Ⅳ.Elements and Origins of Legitimation6

Ⅴ.Outline of the Contributions9

Ⅵ.Conclusion16

References17

Part Ⅰ: Setting the Stage—Early Origins of Transnationalisation21

1.History of Transnational Administrative Networks&Christian Tietje23

Ⅰ.Introduction23

Ⅱ.General Overview on the Historical Development of International or Transnational Cooperation Concerning Administrative Issues24

Ⅲ.The Development of Administrative Unions27

Ⅳ. Forms of Administrative Networks in the Nineteenth Century Outside Formally Institutionalised Forums of Cooperation30

Ⅴ.’The International Community’ and ’International Administrative Law’32

Ⅵ.Conclusion34

References35

Part Ⅱ: Emerging Procedures in Expert Committees39

2.Procedure and Legitimacy in Environmental Networks&Bettina Lange41

Abstract41

Ⅰ.Asking Questions about the Relationship between Procedure and Legitimacy42

Ⅱ.How do Transnational Governance Networks Transform the Exercise of Public Powers?44

Ⅲ.How to Open up the ’Black Box’ of Policy Networks?48

Ⅳ. Relationships between Procedure and Legitimacy in the Transnational Governance Network under Article 17（2） of the IPPC Directive51

Ⅴ. Linking Procedure and Legitimacy in the Transnational Governance Network of ’the Common Implementation Strategy’ Under the EU Water Framework Directive60

Ⅵ.Linking Procedure and Legitimacy in the Transnational Governance Network for the Enforcement of EU Environmental Law （IMPEL）67

Ⅶ.Conclusion71

References73

3.Global Governance Networks in Action: the Development of Toxicological Test Methods at the OECD&Martin Herberg77

Ⅰ.Introduction: The Shift from World Politics to Global Standard-Setting77

Ⅱ.Globalisation, New Modes of Governance,and the Quest for Legitimacy79

Ⅲ.Science in the Age of Uncertainty: The Institutional Design of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme87

Ⅳ. Institutional Crises and Institutional Learning:Further Insights from the Expert Interviews94

Ⅴ.Concluding Remarks: Lessons Learned from the OECD Test Guidelines Programme104

References106

Part Ⅲ: Negotiation and Deliberation in Regulatory Committees109

4.Transnational Administrative Comitology:The Global Harmonisation of Chemicals Classification and Labelling&Gerd Winter111

Abstract111

Ⅰ.The Phenomenon of Transnational Public Administration112

Ⅱ.The Case114

Ⅲ.Theorising on the Case133

Ⅳ. The Question of Legitimation137

References147

5.The Codex Alimentarius Commission—A View from Practice&Dieter Arnold151

Abstract151

Ⅰ.Background151

Ⅱ.Procedures for the Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts153

Ⅲ.Relationship of the Codex Alimentarius Commission with GATT/ WTO155

Ⅳ.Food Safety Risk Analysis and the Role of Science in the Codex Alimentarius158

Ⅴ.The Roles of JECFA and JMPR in the Elaboration of Codex Standards for Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs162

Ⅵ.Example: Risk Assessment of Residues of Veterinary Drugs165

6.The Contribution of Global Administrative Law to Enhancing the Legitimacy of the Codex Alimentarius Commission&Alexia Herwig171

Ⅰ.Introduction171

Ⅱ.An Overview of the CAC172

Ⅲ.Perceived Legitimation Deficits of the CAC185

Ⅳ.Solutions Offered by Concepts of Global Administrative Law189

Ⅴ.Main Conclusion207

References208

Part Ⅳ: Institutional Dynamics and Member State Control213

7.Autonomy or Adaptability? Environmental Integration in the World Bank&Alexandra Lindenthal215

Ⅰ.Introduction215

Ⅱ.Rationalist and Sociological Approaches to Administrative Autonomy218

Ⅲ.Environmental Integration in the World Bank221

Ⅳ. Explaining the World Bank’s Autonomy227

Ⅴ.Conclusion230

References231

8.The Openness of International Organisations for Transnational Public Rule-Making&Stefan Oeter235

Ⅰ.Introduction: Public Rule-Making as a Prerogative of State Institutions235

Ⅱ.The Role of International Organisations in Public Rule-Making236

Ⅲ.The Drive towards Informality239

Ⅳ. The Evolution of Transnational Rule-Making in the Context of International Organisations241

Ⅴ. The Rationale of Transnational Rule-Making in the Context of International Organisations242

Ⅵ.The Various Forms of Transnational Rule-Making in the Context of International Organisations244

Ⅶ.The Inherent Limits of Transnational Rule-Making in the Context of International Organisations248

Ⅷ.Conclusions250

References251

Part Ⅴ: Regional Representation and Participation of Civil Society253

9.Towards ‘Open’ Transnational Administrative Networks:Emerging Structural Features&Karsten Nowrot255

Ⅰ.Introduction255

Ⅱ.Rediscovering Traditional Organisational Characteristics in Network Structures258

Ⅲ.Evaluating the Structural Trends: Intended Informality versus Optimised Steering Capacities267

Ⅳ.Legitimacy Proliferated: Towards a Paradigm of the ‘Open Administrative Network’270

Ⅴ.Outlook274

References275

10.Transnational Governance Networks and Democracy:What are the Standards?&fens Steffek and Mariana Gomes Pereira281

Ⅰ.Democracy and Inter/ Transnational Governance:the Rise of a Debate281

Ⅱ.Network Governance and Governance Networks284

Ⅲ.Democratic Quality of Governance Networks:the Internal Dimension289

Ⅳ. Democratic Quality of Governance Networks:the External Dimension292

Ⅴ. Conclusion298

References300

11.Developing Countries: Trapped in the Web of Sustainable Development Governance&&Joyeeta Gupta305

Ⅰ.Introduction305

Ⅱ.Changing Rules of Governance: The Governance Web308

Ⅲ.Differentiated Impacts on Developing Countries:The Flies in the Web318

Ⅳ.Conclusions323

References326

Index331