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Unit 1 Electrical Machines1

1.1 Alternating-Current Machines1

1.1.1 General1

1.1.2 Synchronous Generator Principle and Construction Features2

1.1.3 Synchronous Generator Performance4

1.1.4 Synchronous Motors6

1.2 Synchronous Machine Theory and Modeling8

1.2.1 Physical Description8

1.2.2 Mathematical Description of a Synchronous Machine13

1.2.3 Basic Equations of a Synchronous Machine17

1.2.4 The dq0 Transformation22

1.3 Induction Motor26

1.3.1 A General Outline of Induction Machines26

1.3.2 Induction Motor Action28

1.3.3 Construction Features of an Induction Motor30

1.3.4 Running Conditions of an Induction Motor32

1.4 Transformer33

1.4.1 Single-phase Transformer Model33

1.4.2 Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers38

1.4.3 Three-Phase Transformer Connections41

1.4.4 Per Unit Normalization45

Unit 2 Electric Power System49

2.1 Introduction49

2.1.1 Evolution of Electric Power Systems49

2.1.2 Present and Future Trends of Power Systems51

2.1.3 Structure of the Power System53

2.1.4 Power System Control56

2.1.5 Introduction to EHV AC Transmission59

2.2 Electric Power System Operation61

2.2.1 Power System Planning61

2.2.2 Power System Load63

2.2.3 Reactive Power65

2.2.4 Power System Monitoring66

2.2.5 Economic Dispatching68

2.3 Power System Stability Problem71

2.3.1 Basic Concepts and Definitions71

2.3.2 Rotor Angle Stability72

2.3.3 The Stability Phenomena74

2.3.4 Mid-Term and Long-Term Stability75

2.3.5 Origin of Overvoltages and Their Types77

2.4 Fault and Relaying Protection78

2.4.1 Faults in Power System78

2.4.2 Role of Protection in a Power System80

2.4.3 Some Components of Protection82

2.4.4 Fundamental Protection Principles84

2.5 High Voltage Direct Current（HVDC）Transmission Systems Technology Review Paper86

2.5.1 Introduction to HVDC86

2.5.2 Advances in Technology and the Roles of HVDC90

2.5.3 Design，Operation，Maintenance and Cost Considerations94

2.5.4 HVDC Applications99

Unit 3 Distributed Power Generation103

3.1 Distributed Generation Versus Traditional Power Systems103

3.1.1 Distributed Versus Central Station Generation103

3.1.2 Other Advantages and Disadvantages of DG105

3.1.3 Power “from the Grid” as a Target for DG106

3.2 Renewable Resource Distributed Generators108

3.2.1 Introduction108

3.2.2 Solar Thermal Power Generation109

3.2.3 Photovoltaic（PV） Generation111

3.2.4 Wind-Powered Generation113

3.2.5 Other Renewable Generation Resources116

3.3 Energy Storage for Use with Distributed Generation119

3.3.1 Chemical，Electrical，or Physical Storage Systems for Electrical Energy119

3.3.2 Battery Storage120

3.3.3 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage（SMES）122

3.3.4 Capacitor Storage125

3.3.5 Mechanical Storage：Flywheels127

3.4 Micro Grid130

3.4.1 The Concept and Structure of Micro Grid130

3.4.2 The Critical Functions of Micro Grid132

3.4.3 Control Methods of Micro Grid133

Unit 4 Smart Grid136

4.1 Introduction of the Smart Grid136

4.1.1 Introduction of the Background136

4.1.2 Why implement the Smart Grid now137

4.1.3 What the Smart Grid is and Overview of the Technologies Required for the Smart Grid139

4.2 Flexible AC Transmission Systems142

4.2.1 Opportunities for FACTS142

4.2.2 Basic Types of FACTS Controllers145

4.2.3 Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers-shunt Connected Controllers149

4.2.4 Basic Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers-series Connected153

4.2.5 Possible Benefits from FACTS Technology157

4.3 Wide Area Measurement and Control System162

4.3.1 Phasor Measurement Units（PMU）162

4.3.2 Wide Area Measurement and Its Application165

4.3.3 Wide Area Control System167

4.3.4 Wide Area Protection Systems171

4.4 Vision for smart grid development to 2050176

4.4.1 Influencing Factors for Development of Smart Grids and the Impact of Smart Grids for the Peak Demand176

4.4.2 Regional Scenarios for Deployment to 2050178

4.4.3 Environmental and Economic Effects of Smart Grids180

Unit 5 Smart Substations182

5.1 Introduction of Smart Substations182

5.1.1 Introduction182

5.1.2 Intelligent Primary Equipments184

5.1.3 Intelligent Electronic Devices187

5.2 Smart Distribution Applications189

5.2.1 Advanced Distribution Management189

5.2.2 Distribution Automation192

5.3 The 21 st Century Substation Design：Vision of the Future194

5.3.1 Introduction194

5.3.2 Vision of the Substation Design198

Unit 6 Electric Vehicles202

6.1 Introduction202

6.1.1 Introduction of the EV202

6.1.2 History and Brands of the EV203

6.2 Vehicle Types205

6.2.1 Plug-in Electric Vehicle（PEV）205

6.2.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle207

6.2.3 Other Types208

6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of EVs209

6.3.1 Environment and Mechanical Field209

6.3.2 Energy Field210

6.4 EV Battery Charging212

6.4.1 Introduction212

6.4.2 Charging Technology213

6.4.3 The Fast Charging214

Unit 7专业英语的阅读、翻译与写作217

7.1 专业英语的特点217

7.2 专业英语中的常用句型219

7.3 专业英语的翻译226

7.3.1 被动语态的译法226

7.3.2 倍数、分数和百分数的译法227

7.3.3 定语从句的译法227

7.3.4 名词性从句的译法228

7.3.5 状语从句的译法229

7.4 专业英语的写作229

7.4.1 学术论文写作229

7.4.2 简历233

7.4.3 商务信函234

7.4.4 产品技术说明书236

常用专业词汇237

参考文献243