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Preface xiPART Ⅰ FOUNDATIONS FOR SSTEMS DEVELOPMENT2

Chapter 1 The Systems Development Environment2

What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design?4

Systems Analysis and Design:Core Concepts4

Systems6

Definition of a System and Its Parts.6

Important System Concepts7

A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design10

Your Role in Systems Development11

Types of Information Systems and Systems Development12

Transaction Processing Systems13

Management Information Systems13

Decision Support Systems14

Information Systems:An Overview14

Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle15

Phase 1:Systems Planning and Selection17

Phase 2:Systems Analysis17

Phase 3:Systems Design18

Phase 4:Systems Implementation and Operation18

Approaches to Development20

Prototyping21

Computer-Assisted Software Engineering(CASE)Tools21

Joint Application Design22

Rapid Application Development22

Participatory Design23

Agile Methodologies24

Key Points Review24

Key Terms Checkpoint25

Review Questions26

Problems and Exercises27

Discussion Questions27

Case Problems27

Chapter 2 The Sources of Software30

Introduction31

Systems Acquisition32

Outsourcing32

Sources of Software33

Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software37

Reuse41

Key Points Review44

Key Terms Checkpoint44

Review Questions45

Problems and Exercises45

Field Exercises45

Chapter 3 Managing the Information Systems Project46

Pine Valley Furniture Company Background48

Managing the Information Systems Project49

Initiating the Project53

Planning the Project57

Executing the Project64

Closing Down the Project67

Representing and Scheduling Project Plans68

Representing Project Plans70

Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT70

Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture71

Using Project Management Software74

Establishing a Project Starting Date75

Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships75

Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports76

Key Points Review77

Key Terms Checkpoint78

Review Questions79

Problems and Exercises79

Discussion Questions81

Case Problems82

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Company Background84

PART Ⅱ SYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION92

Chapter 4 Systems Planning and Selection92

Identifying and Selecting Projects94

The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects94

Deliverables and Outcomes97

Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects98

The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects98

Deliverables and Outcomes99

Assessing Project Feasibility100

Assessing Economic Feasibility102

Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns108

Building the Baseline Project Plan109

Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan115

PVF WebStore:Systems Planning and Selection118

Internet Basics118

Pine Valley Furniture WebStore120

Key Points Review123

Key Terms Checkpoint124

Review Questions125

Problems and Exercises126

Discussion Questions127

Case Problems127

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System129

PART Ⅲ SYSTEMS ANALYSIS134

Chapter 5 Determining System Requirements134

Performing Requirements Determination136

The Process of Determining Requirements136

Deliverables and Outcomes137

Requirements Structuring138

Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements138

Interviewing and Listening138

Directly Observing Users143

Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents144

Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements147

Joint Application Design148

Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination151

Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements152

Identifying Processes to Reengineer153

Disruptive Technologies154

PVF WebStore:Determining System Requirements155

System Layout and Navigation Characteristics155

WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities156

Customer and Inventory Information157

System Prototype Evolution157

Key Points Review158

Key Terms Checkpoint159

Review Questions160

Problems and Exercises160

Discussion Questions160

Case Problems161

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System162

Chapter 6 Structuring System Requirements:Process Modeling166

Process Modeling168

Modeling a System's Process168

Deliverables and Outcomes168

Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics169

Definitions and Symbols170

Developing DFDs:An Example172

Data-Flow Diagramming Rules175

Decomposition of DFDs176

Balancing DFDs178

Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process180

Guidelines for Drawing DFDs180

Using DFDs as Analysis Tools182

Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering183

Logic Modeling185

Modeling Logic with Decision Tables186

PVF WebStore:Process Modeling189

Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore189

Key Points Review191

Key Terms Checkpoint192

Review Questions193

Problems and Exercises193

Discussion Questions198

Case Problems198

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System200

Chapter 7 Structuring System Requirements:Conceptual Data Modeling204

Conceptual Data Modeling206

The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling207

Deliverables and Outcomes207

Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling211

Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling213

Entities213

Attributes215

Candidate Keys and Identifiers215

Multivalued Attributes216

Relationships217

Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model217

Degree of a Relationship218

Cardinalities in Relationships219

An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger222

PVF WebStore:Conceptual Data Modeling225

Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore225

Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy229

The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy229

Generating Alternative Design Strategies230

Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System232

Selecting the Most Likely Alternative234

Key Points Review236

Key Terms Checkpoint237

Review Questions238

Problems and Exercises238

Discussion Questions241

Case Problems241

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System245

PART Ⅳ SYSTEMS DESIGN248

Chapter 8 Designing the Human Interface248

Designing Forms and Reports250

The Process of Designing Forms and Reports250

Deliverables and Outcomes253

Formatting Forms and Reports254

Designing Interfaces and Dialogues262

The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues262

Deliverables and Outcomes262

Designing Interfaces263

Designing Dialogues273

PVF WebStore:Designing the Human Interface277

General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces277

General Guidelines for Web Layouts278

Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture279

Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs280

Lightweight Graphics280

Forms and Data Integrity281

Template-Based HTML281

Key Points Review281

Key Terms Checkpoint282

Review Questions283

Problems and Exercises283

Discussion Questions284

Case Problems284

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System286

Chapter 9 Designing Databases290

Database Design292

The Process of Database Design292

Deliverables and Outcomes294

Relational Database Model297

Well-Structured Relations298

Normalization299

Rules of Normalization299

Functional Dependence and Primary Keys300

Second Normal Form300

Third Normal Form301

Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations302

Represent Entities303

Represent Relationships304

Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations306

Merging Relations307

An Example of Merging Relations307

View Integration Problems308

Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger309

Physical File and Database Design311

Designing Fields312

Choosing Data Types312

Controlling Data Integrity314

Designing Physical Tables315

Arranging Table Rows317

Designing Controls for Files321

Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger323

PVF WebStore:Designing Databases325

Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore325

Key Points Review327

Key Terms Checkpoint329

Review Questions330

Problems and Exercises331

Discussion Questions332

Case Problems333

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System334

PART Ⅴ SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION336

Chapter 10 Systems Implementation and Operation336

Systems Implementation and Operation338

The Processes of Coding,Testing,and Installation339

Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding,Testing,and Installation339

The Processes of Documenting the System,Training Users,and Supporting Users340

Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System,Training Users,and Supporting Users340

The Process of Maintaining Information Systems341

Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems342

Software Application Testing343

Seven Different Types of Tests343

The Testing Process345

Acceptance Testing by Users347

Installation348

Planning Installation348

Documenting the System351

User Documentation352

Preparing User Documentation354

Training and Supporting Users354

Training Information System Users354

Supporting Information System Users356

Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider358

Why Implementation Sometimes Fails359

Project Closedown360

Conducting Systems Maintenance361

Types of Maintenance361

The Cost of Maintenance362

Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness363

Controlling Maintenance Requests364

Configuration Management365

Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance366

Web Site Maintenance366

Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture367

PVF WebStore:Systems Implementation and Operation369

Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore369

Key Points Review371

Key Terms Checkpoint373

Review Questions374

Problems and Exercises375

Discussion Questions375

Case Problems376

Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System377

Appendix A Object-Oriented Analysis and Design380

The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach380

Use-Case Modeling381

Object Modeling:Class Diagrams384

Representing Associations385

Representing Generalization387

Representing Aggregation389

Dynamic Modeling:State Diagrams390

Dynamic Modeling:Sequence Diagrams391

Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram393

Moving to Design394

Key Points Review395

Key Terms Checkpoint396

Review Questions397

Problems and Exercises397

Appendix B Agile Methodologies399

The Trend to Agile Methodologies399

Agile Methodologies400

eXtreme Programming402

The Heart of the Systems Development Process403

Requirements Determination404

Design Specifications407

Implementation409

Key Points Review409

Key Terms Checkpoint410

Review Questions410

Problems and Exercises410

References411

Glossary of Acronyms416

Glossary of Terms418

Index423

Photo Credits433