电视访谈中话语缓和的语用研究 英文版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

电视访谈中话语缓和的语用研究 英文版PDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.0 A General Introduction1

1.1 The Rationale of the Present Study2

1.2 Problems with Previous Studies5

1.3 The Object of the Present Study7

1.4 A Description of the Data9

1.5 Outline of the Thesis11

Chapter 2 Literature Review13

2.0 Introduction13

2.1 Terminological Issue14

2.2 Approaches to Mitigation16

2.2 1 The Sociolinguistic Approach16

2.2.2 The Cross-cultural/Interlanguage Pragmatic Approach20

2.2 3 The Pragmatic Approach24

2.2.3.1 The Pragmalinguistic Trend24

2.2.3.2 The Semanticopragmatic Trend26

2.2.3.3 The Sociopragmatic Trend27

2.2.3.4 The Psychopragmatic Trend30

2.3 Achievements32

2.4 Summary33

Chapter 3 The Conceptual Framework35

3.0 Introduction35

3.1 Definitions of Mitigation35

3.1.1 Previous Definitions Revisited36

3.1.2 A Working Definition of Mitigation42

3.2 Delimitation of Mitigation45

3.2.1 Mitigation and Indirectness45

3.2.2 Mitigation and Politeness/Facework47

3.3 Theoretical Background52

3.3.1 Linguistic Adaptation52

3.3.2 Empathy55

3.4 Characterization of the Conceptual Framework64

3.4.1 Mitigating Strategies64

3.4.2 Contextual Constraints on Mitigation67

3.4.3 Mitigating Functions68

3.4.4 Adaptation,Empathy and Mitigation71

3.5 Summary74

Chapter 4 Mitigating Strategies77

4.0 Introduction77

4.1 Propositional Mitigation77

4.1.1 Understaters78

4.1.2 Evidentials81

4.1.3 Tag Questions87

4.1.4 Epistemic Modals90

4.1.5 Subjectivizers93

4.2 Illocutionary Mitigation95

4.2.1 Disclaimers96

4.2.1.1 Intention disclaimers96

4.2.1.2 Entitlement disclaimers99

4.2.1.3 Knowledge disclaimers102

4.2.2 Deprecators105

4.2.3 Truth Claimers111

4.2.4 Hesitators117

4.3 Perlocutionary Mitigation120

4.3.1 Simple Anticipation121

4.3.2 Concern Showing123

4.3.3 Penalty Taking124

4.3.4 Direct Dissuasion126

4.4 Summary128

Chapter 5 Contextual Constraints on Mitigation129

5.0 Introduction129

5.1 Mitigation as Empathic Adaptation to Power131

5.1.1 Power131

5.1.2 Empathic Adaptation to Power:An Analysis132

5.2 Mitigation as Empathic Adaptation to Negative Emotions136

5.2.1 Negative Emotions136

5.2.2 Empathic Adaptation to Negative Emotions:An Analysis137

5.3 Mitigation as Empathic Adaptation to Controversies142

5.3.1 Controversies142

5.3.2 Empathic Adaptation to Controversies:An Analysis143

5.4 Mitigation as Empathic Adaptation to Taboo Topics148

5.4.1 Taboo Topics148

5.4.2 Empathic Adaptation to Taboo Topics:An Analysis149

5.5 Mitigation as Empathic Adaptation to Social Values153

5.5.1 Social Values153

5.5.2 Empathic Adaptation to Social Values:An Analysis154

5.6 Summary159

Chapter 6 Mitigating Functions161

6.0 Introduction161

6.1 Interpersonal Functions163

6.1.1 Image Management164

6.1.2 Pacifications170

6.1.3 Solidarity Building173

6.2 Communicative Functions177

6.2.1 Invitations178

6.2.1.1 Elaboration Invitation178

6.2.1.2 Comment Invitation182

6.2.1.3 Commitment Invitation186

6.2.1.4 Negation Invitation189

6.2.2 Floor Manipulations193

6.2.2.1 Floor Taking193

6.2.2.2 Floor Keeping196

6.2.2.3 Floor Termination198

6.2.3 Persuasions200

6.2.3.1 Compliance Enhancement200

6.2.3.2 Credibility Enhancement204

6.3 Summary208

Chapter 7 Conclusion210

7.0 Introduction210

7.1 Major Findings210

7.1.1 Mitigating Strategies210

7.1.2 Contextual Constraints on Mitigation212

7.1.3 Mitigating Functions215

7.1.4 General Findings218

7.1.5 Empathic Adaptation and Mitigation219

7.2 Implications222

7.3 Limitations of the Present Study223

7.4 Suggestions for Future Research224

Bibliography225

Acknowledgements241