计算机组成与设计 硬件、软件接口 英文版 第4版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

计算机组成与设计 硬件、软件接口 英文版 第4版PDF格式电子书版下载

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1 Computer Abstractions and Technology2

1.1 Introduction3

1.2 Below Your Program10

1.3 Underthe Covers13

1.4 Performance26

1.5 The Power Wall39

1.6 The Sea Change:The Switch from Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors41

1.7 Real Stuff:Manufacturing and Benchmarking the AMD Opteron X444

1.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls51

1.9 Concluding Remarks54

1.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading55

1.11 Exercises56

2 Instructions:Language ofthe computer74

2.1 Introduction76

2.2 Operations of the Computer Hardware77

2.3 Operands of the Computer Hardware80

2.4 Signed and Unsigned Numbers87

2.5 Representing Instructions in the Computer94

2.6 Logical Operations102

2.7 Instructions for Making Decisions105

2.8 Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware112

2.9 Communicating with People122

2.10 MIPS Addressing for 32-Bit Immediates and Addresses128

2.11 Parallelism and Instructions:Synchronization137

2.12 Translating and Starting a Program139

2.13 A C Sort Example to Put It All Together149

2.14 Arrays versus Pointers157

2.15 Advanced Material:Compiling C and Interpreting Java161

2.16 Real Stuff:ARM Instructions161

2.17 Real Stuff:x86 Instructions165

2.18 Fallacies and Pitfalls174

2.19 Concluding Remarks176

2.20 Historical Perspective and Further Reading179

2.21 Exercises179

3 Arithmetic for Computers222

3.1 Introduction224

3.2 Addition and Subtraction224

3.3 Multiplication230

3.4 Division236

3.5 Floating Point242

3.6 Parallelism and Computer Arithmetic:Associativity270

3.7 R.eal Stuff:Floating Point in the x86272

3.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls275

3.9 Concluding Remarks280

3.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading283

3.11 Exercises283

4 The Processor298

4.1 Introduction300

4.2 Logic Design Conventions303

4.3 Building a Datapath307

4.4 A Simple Implementation Scheme316

4.5 An Overview of Pipelining330

4.6 Pipelined Datapath and Control344

4.7 Data Hazards:Forwarding versus Stalling363

4.8 Control Hazards375

4.9 Exceptions384

4.10 Parallelism and Advanced Instruction-Level Parallelism391

4.11 Real Stuff:the AMD Opteron X4(Barcelona)Pipeline404

4.12 Advanced Topic:an Introduction to Digital Design Using a Hardware Design Language to Describe and Model a Pipeline and More Pipelining Illustrations406

4.13 Fallacies and Pitfalls407

4.14 Concluding Remarks408

4.15 Historical Perspective and Further Reading409

4.16 Exercises409

5 Large and Fast:Exploiting Memory Hierarchy450

5.1 Introduction452

5.2 The Basics of Caches457

5.3 Measuring and Improving Cache Performance475

5.4 Virtual Memory492

5.5 A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchies518

5.6 Virtual Machines525

5.7 Using a Finite-State Machine to Control a Simple Cache529

5.8 Parallelism and Memory Hierarchies:Cache Coherence534

5.9 Advanced Material:Implementing Cache Controllers538

5.10 Real Stuff:the AMD Opteron X4(Barcelona)and Intel Nehalem Memory Hierarchies539

5.11 Fallacies and Pitfalls543

5.12 Concluding Remarks547

5.13 Historical Perspective and Further Reading548

5.14 Exercises548

6 Storage and Other I/O Topics568

6.1 Introduction570

6.2 Dependability,Reliability,and Availability573

6.3 Disk Storage575

6.4 Flash Storage580

6.5 Connecting Processors,Memory,and I/O Devices582

6.6 Interfacing I/O Devices to the Processor,Memory,and Operating System586

6.7 I/O Performance Measures:Examples from Disk and File Systems596

6.8 Designing an I/O System598

6.9 Parallelism and I/O:Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks599

6.10 Real Stuff:Sun Fire x4150 Server606

6.11 Advanced Topics:Networks612

6.12 Fallacies and Pitfalls613

6.13 Concluding Remarks617

6.14 Historical Perspective and Further Reading618

6.15 Exercises619

7 Multicores,Multiprocessors,and Clusters630

7.1 Introduction632

7.2 The Difficulty of Creating Parallel Processing Programs634

7.3 Shared Memory Multiprocessors638

7.4 Clusters and Other Message-Passing Multiprocessors641

7.5 Hardware Multithreading645

7.6 SISD,MIMD,SIMD,SPMD,and Vector648

7.7 Introduction to Graphics Processing Units654

7.8 Introduction to Multiprocessor Network Topologies660

7.9 Multiprocessor Benchmarks664

7.10 Roofline:A Simple Performance Model667

7.11 Real Stuff:Benchmarking Four Multicores Using the Roofline Model675

7.12 Fallacies and Pitfalls684

7.13 Concluding Remarks686

7.14 Historical Perspective and Further Reading688

7.15 Exercises688