Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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CHAPTER 1 Getting Started: Introductory Concepts and Definitions1

1.1 Using Thermodynamics1

1.2 Defining Systems1

1.3 Describing Systems and Their Behavior4

1.4 Measuring Mass, Length, Time, and Force8

1.5 Two Measurable Properties: Specific Volume and Pressure10

1.6 Measuring Temperature14

1.7 Engineering Design and Analysis18

Chapter Summary and Study Guide22

CHAPTER 2 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics29

2.1 Reviewing Mechanical Concepts of Energy29

2.2 Broading Our Understanding of Work33

2.3 Broading Our Understanding of Energy43

2.4 Energy Transfer By Heat44

2.5 Energy Accounting: Energy Balance for Closed Systems48

2.6 Energy Analysis of Cycles 58 Chapter Summary and Study Guide62

CHAPTER 3 Evaluating Properties69

3.1 Fixing the State69

EVALUATING PROPERTIES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS70

3.2 ρ-v-T Relation70

3.3 Retrieving Thermodynamic Properties76

3.4 Generalized Compressibility Chart94

EVALUATING PROPERTIES USING THE IDEAL GAS MODEL100

3.5 Ideal Gas Model100

3.6 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Ideal Gases103

3.7 Evaluating??u and??h using Ideal Gas Tables, Software, and Constant Specific Heats105

3.8 Polytropic Process of an Ideal Gas112

Chapter Summary and Study Guide114

CHAPTER 4 Control Volume Analysis Using Energy121

4.1 Conservation of Mass for a Control Volume121

4.2 Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume128

4.3 Analyzing Control Volumes at Steady State131

4.4 Transient Analysis152

Chapter Summary and Study Guide162

CHAPTER 5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics174

5.1 Introducing the Second Law174

5.2 Identifying Irreversibilities180

5.3 Applying the Second Law to Thermodynamic Cycles184

5.4 Defining the Kelvin Temperature Scale190

5.5 Maximum Performance Measures for Cycles Operating Between Two Reservoirs192

5.6 Carnot Cycle196

Chapter Summary and Study Guide199

CHAPTER 6 Using Entropy206

6.1 Introducing Entropy206

6.2 Defining Entropy Change208

6.3 Retrieving Entropy Data209

6.4 Entropy Change in Internally Reversible Processes217

6.5 Entropy Balance for Closed Systems220

6.6 Entropy Rate Balance for Control Volumes231

6.7 Isentropic Processes240

6.8 Isentropic Efficiencies of Turbines, Nozzles, Compressors, and Pumps246

6.9 Heat Transfer and Work in Internally Reversible, Steady-State Flow Processes254

Chapter Summary and Study Guide257

CHAPTER 7 Exergy Analysis272

7.1 Introducing Exergy272

7.2 Defining Exergy273

7.3 Closed System Exergy Balance283

7.4 Flow Exergy290

7.5 Exergy Rate Balance for Control Volumes293

7.6 Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiency303

7.7 Thermoeconomics309

Chapter Summary and Study Guide315

CHAPTER 8 Vapor Power Systems325

8.1 Modeling Vapor Power Systems325

8.2 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems--Rankline Cycle327

8.3 Improving Performance--Superheat and Reheat340

8.4 Improving Performance--Regenerative Vapor Power Cycle346

8.5 Other Vapor Cycle Aspects356

8.6 Case Study: Exergy Accounting of a Vapor Power Plant358

Chapter Summary and Study Guide365

CHAPTER 9 Gas Power Systems373

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES373

9.1 Introducing Engine Terminology373

9.2 Air-Standard Otto Cycle375

9.3 Air-Standard Diesel Cycle381

9.4 Air-Standard Dual Cycle385

GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS388

9.5 Modeling Gas Turbine Power Plants388

9.6 Air-Standard Brayton Cycle389

9.7 Regenerative Gas Turbines399

9.8 Regenerative Gas Turbines with Reheat and Intercooling404

9.9 Gas Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion414

9.10 Combined Gas Turbine--Vapor Power Cycle419

9.11 Ericsson and Stirling Cycles424

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW THROUGH NOZZLES AND DIFFUSERS426

9.12 Compressible Flow Preliminaries426

9.13 Analyzing One-Dimensional Steady Flow in Nozzles and Diffusers430

9.14 Flow in Nozzles and Diffusers of Ideal Gases with Constant Specific Heats436

Chapter Summary and Study Guide444

CHAPTER 10 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems454

10.1 Vapor Refrigeration Systems454

10.2 Analyzing Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems457

10.3 Refrigerant Properties465

10.4 Cascade and Multistage Vapor-Compression Systems467

10.5 Absorption Refrigeration469

10.6 Heat Pump Systems471

10.7 Gas Refrigeration Systems473

Chapter Summary and Study Guide479

CHAPTER 11 Thermodynamic Relations487

11.1 Using Equations of State487

11.2 Important Mathematical Relations494

11.3 Developing Property Relations497

11.4 Evaluating Changes in Entropy, Internal Energy,and Enthalpy504

11.5 Other Thermodynamic Relations513

11.6 Constructing Tables of Thermodynamic Properties520

11.7 Generalized Charts for Enthalpy and Entropy524

11.8 p-v-T Relations for Gas Mixtures531

11.9 Analyzing Multicomponent Systems536

Chapter Summary and Study Guide548

CHAPTER 12 Ideal Gas Mixtures and Psychrometrics Applications558

IDEAL GAS MIXTURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS558

12.1 Describing Mixture Composition558

12.2 Relating p, V, and T for Ideal Gas Mixtures562

12.3 Evaluating U, H, Sand Specific Heats564

12.4 Analyzing Systems Involving Mixtures566

PSYCHROMETRIC APPLICATIONS579

12.5 Introducing Psychrometric Principles579

12.6 Psychrometers: Measuring the Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures590

12.7 Psychrometric Charts592

12.8 Analyzing Air-Conditioning Processes593

12.9 Cooling Towers609

Chapter Summary and Study Guide611

CHAPTER 13 Reacting Mixtures and Combustion620

COMBUSTION FUNDAMENTALS620

13.1 Introducing Combustion620

13.2 Conservation of Energy--Reacting Systems629

13.3 Determining the Adiabatic Flame Temperature641

13.4 Fuel Cells645

13.5 Absolute Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics648

CHEMICAL EXERGY655

13.6 Introducing Chemical Exergy655

13.7 Standard Chemical Exergy659

13.8 Exergy Summary664

13.9 Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiencies of Reacting Systems667

Chapter Summary and Study Guide669

CHAPTER 14 Chemical and Phase Equilibrium679

EQUILIBRIUM FUNDAMENTALS679

14.1 Introducing Equilibrium Criteria679

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM684

14.2 Equation of Reaction Equilibrium684

14.3 Calculating Equilibrium Compositions686

14.4 Further Examples of the Use of the Equilibrium Constant695

PHASE EQUILIBRIUM704

14.5 Equilibrium Between Two Phases of a Pure Substance705

14.6 Equilibrium of Multicomponent, Multiphase Systems706

Chapter Summary and Study Guide711

Index719