CCNP Support 2.0学习指南 英文版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

CCNP Support 2.0学习指南 英文版PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1 Support Resources for Troubleshooting1

1 Support Resources for Troubleshooting1

Types and Puroses of Troubleshooting Tools2

Media Test Equipment3

Network Monitors4

Protocol Analyzers5

About the Contributors5

Exercise 1-1: Using Troubleshooting Tools6

Network Management Systems7

Management Information Bases8

Simple Nerwork Management Protocol9

Acknowledgments9

Remote Monitoring10

Resource Manager Essentials12

Cisco Works12

Cisco Works for Switched Internetworks13

NetSys15

Exercise 1-2: Network Management17

Cisco Connection Online17

Infrastructure18

Documentation18

Marketplace19

Software Center19

Bug Toolkit19

Troubleshooting Engine20

Stack Decoder20

Open Forum21

Case Management Toolkit21

Cisco Technical Assistance Center22

Exercise 1-3: CCO24

Two-Minute Drill26

Q A Self Test28

Lab Question31

Self Test Answers32

Preface33

Lab Answer35

2 Using Troubleshooting Methods37

Introduction37

2 Using Troubleshooting Methods37

The Problem-Solving Model38

Exercise 2-1: Generic Troubleshooting Lab: Yippee.net40

Why Use a Methodology?45

Flowchart the Troubleshooting Process46

Defining the Problem47

Defining the Normal Operational Baseline52

Defining What Could Possibly Go Wrong in the Network53

Defining Exactly What Is Wrong54

Exercise 2-2: Problem Definition54

Gathering Facts57

Defining What Still Works Despite the Reported Problem63

Comparing Findings to the Network Baseline65

Exercise 2-3: Gathering the Facts69

Considering Possibilities Based on Facts73

Comparing What Still Works to What Could Go Wrogn73

Eliminating Possible Points of Failure73

Creating a List of Possible Trouble Areas74

Exercise 2-4: Considering the Possibilities75

Creating an Action Plan76

Creating a Plan on How to Test Each Possible Problem76

Sequencing the Possible Problems, With the Most Likely First79

Exercise 2-5: Creating an Action Plan81

Implementing the Action Plan84

Executing Each Action Plan84

Within an Action Plan, Change Only One Variable at a Time85

Testing Each Plan to Check for Multiple Failures86

Observing the Results86

After Each Variable Change, Ensure That the Network Is Still Operational87

Correcting the Individual Problem, Ensure That the Network Is Still Operational87

After Each Action Plan, Ensure That the Network Is Still Operational87

Exercise 2-6: Executing the Action Plan88

Iterating the Process90

If There Are Multiple Action Plans, Execute Each Independently90

Exercise 2-7: Iterating the Process91

Documenting the Facts93

Documenting Each Change Made to the Network94

Exercise 2-8: Documenting the Facts94

Two-Minute Drill96

Q A Self Test98

Lab Question104

Self Test Answers105

Lab Answer111

3 LAN Troubleshooting Problem Areas113

3 LAN Troubleshooting Problem Areas113

Physical Layer Responsibilities114

Exercise 3-1: Testing Connectivity with Cable Pin-outs117

Data-Link Layer Responsibilities118

MAC Layer119

Exercise 3-2: Decoding Broadcast Packets Using a Protocol Analyzer121

Logical Link Layer123

Ethernet/IEEE802.3126

Exercise 3-3: Collision Increase Due to a Large File Transfer on a Shared Medium127

CSMA/CD Protocol128

Ethernet Statistics for Troubleshooting130

Token Ring/IEEE 802.5138

Understanding MAC Communications139

Troubleshooting Token Ring Networks143

Exercise 3-4: Determining the Type of Address in Use146

FDDI147

Exercise 3-5: Examining the Status of Neighbors in an FDDI Network149

Troubleshooting LANS150

Ethernet152

Exercise 3-6: Identifying the Source of High Network Activity154

Token Ring156

Fiber Distributed Data Interface158

Two-Minute Drill163

Q A Self Test165

Lab Question170

SelfTest Answers171

Lab Answer175

4 Identifying Troubleshooting Targets177

4 Identifying Troubleshooting Targets177

Understanding Data Link Troubleshooting Targets179

Frame Relay179

HDLC and SDLC180

Point-to-Point Protocol180

Fiber Distributed Data Interface and Copper Distributed Data Interface181

Ethernet182

The Possible Interfaces of a Cisco Router182

Differentiating Between LAN and WAN Interfaces183

Troubleshooting Physical and Data Link Characteristics184

Cable Testers184

Network Monitors185

Protocol Analyzers185

Exercise 4-1: Using Network Monitor to Capture Bridge Traffic186

Physical Checking187

The CLEAR COUNTERS Command187

The SHOW INTERFACES Command188

The SHOW CONTROLLERS Command189

The SHOW CDP NEIGHBORS Command190

Clearing the Interface Counters190

Defining the Interface Packet Counters191

The CLEAR COUNTERS Command191

Exercise 4-2: Using the CLEAR COUNTERS Command to Aid in Establishing a Baseline for Interface Counters195

Troubleshooting Commands196

The SHOW INTERFACES Command196

A Basic Template for All SHOW INTERFACES Commands197

The SHOW INTERFACES ETHERNET Command199

The SHOW INTERFACES TOKENRING Command204

The SHOW INTERFACES FDDI Command206

Upstream and Downstream Neighbors208

The SHOW INTERFACES ATM Command209

Cisco Discovery Protocol213

The SHOW CDP NEIGHBORS Command213

Data-Link Layer Exercises215

Various Data-Link Sniffer Traces215

Two-Minute Drill218

Q A Self Test220

Lab Question225

Self Test Answers226

Lab Answer229

5 Applying Cisco Troubleshooting Tools231

5 Applying Cisco Troubleshooting Tools231

Cisco IOS Software Troubleshooting Tools232

Exercise 5-1: Assessing the Status of an Ethernet Interface233

Understanding the Output of Diagnostic Commands235

The SHOW INTERFACES Command235

PING236

The TRACEROUTE Command237

Exercise 5-2: Understanding PING Output240

The Routing Process240

Routing Protocols241

The Route Processor and the Routing Table242

Exercise 5-3: The Routing Process243

The Switching Process243

Exercise 5-4: The Switching Process245

Switching Initialization245

Process Switching245

Fast Switching246

Optimum Switching247

Other Switching Methods247

Exercise 5-5: Switching Processes248

Tracing Packet Flow249

Exercise 5-6: Silicon Switching250

What the Route Processor Handles Directly251

Exercise 5-7: Process Switching252

The DEBUG Utility252

DEBUG Performance Considerations253

Service Time Stamps255

Exercise 5-8: Debug Restrictions256

Error Message Logging256

Logging Levels257

Console258

Virtual Terminal259

Buffered259

The SHOW LOGGING Command260

Syslog260

Exercise 5-9: Error Message Logging262

The SHOW VERSIONG Command262

Exercise 5-10: Using the SHOW VERSION Command264

Buffers and Queues265

I/O Buffer Error Conditions265

The SHOW BUFFERS Command267

The SHOW MEMORY Command269

The SHOW PROCESSES Command269

The SHOW CONTROLLERS CXBUS Command271

The SHOW STACKS Command272

Core Dumps273

Exercise 5-11: Buffer Errors274

Two-Minute Drill275

Q A Self Test277

Lab Question282

Self Test Answers283

Lab Answer286

6 Common Routing Protocols287

6 Common Routing Protocols287

Periodic Broadcast-Based Protocols288

Routing Information Protocol289

Troubleshooting RIP294

Cisco s Interior Gateway Routing Protocol298

Troubleshooting IGRP300

IPX RIP and Service Advertisement Protocol302

Troubleshooting IPX RIP303

Apple Talk Routing Table Maintenance Protocol309

Troubleshooting Apple Talk Networks310

Event-Driven Protocols314

Open Shortest Path First315

Troubleshooting OSPF318

Cisco s Enhanced IGRP323

Troubleshooting EIGRP324

Exercise 6-1: Configuring EIGRP333

Border Gateway Protocol334

Troubleshooting BGP337

Two-Minute Drill343

Q A Self Test346

Lab Question350

Self Test Answers351

Lab Answer353

7 Diagnosing and Correcting IP Problems355

7 Diagnosing and Correcting IP Problems355

TCP Connection Sequence358

Address Resolution Protocol360

Routing Protocol Traffic360

Three-Way Handshake362

Cisco IOS Software Tools and Commands363

Exercise 7-1: Watching ARP in Operation366

The CLEAR ARP-CACHE Command367

The SHOW IP INTERFACE Command367

The SHOW IP PROTOCOLS Command370

The SHOW IP ROUTE Command372

The SHOW IP TRAFFIC Command373

The SHOW IP ACCESS-LISTS Command374

The SHOW IP OSPF Command375

The SHOW IP OSPF DATABASE Command377

The SHOW IP OSPF INTERFACE Command379

The SHOW IP OSPF NEIGHBOR Command381

The SHOW IP OSPF VIRTUAL-LINKS Command382

The SHOW IP EIGRP INTERFACES Command382

The SHOW IP EIGRP NEIGHBORS Command383

The SHOW IP EIGRP TRAFFIC Command384

The SHOW IP EIGRP TOPOLOGY Command386

The DEBUG IP RIP Command387

The DEBUG IP IGRP EVENTS Command388

The DEBUG IP IGRP TRANSACTIONS Command389

The DEBUG IP EIGRP Command390

The DEBUG ARP Command390

The DEBUG IP RACKET Command391

The DEBUG IP OSPF EVENTS Command392

The DEBUG IP OSPF ADJACENCY Command392

The DEBUG IP OSPF PACKET Command393

PING and TRACE393

The Standard IP PING Command394

The Extended IP PING Command395

Exercise 7-2: Using Extended PING396

The STANDARD IP TRACE Command397

The Extended IP TRACE Command398

Problem Isolation in IP Networks399

The Local Host401

The Local Gateway402

Remote Routers405

Remote Hosts409

Problem Isolation in Windows 95 and 98 Networks410

The Local Host412

Exercise 7-3: Isolating NIC Failures in Windows 95 and 98412

The Local Gateway416

IP Configuration420

NT Server421

IP Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans424

Host Cannot Access Other Hosts on Different Subnets424

Host Cannot Access Other Subnets425

Host Can Access Some Hosts But Not Others426

Host Cannot Access Remote Hosts via Redundant Path427

Host Can Access Some Services But Not Others427

Router Sees Duplicate Routing Updates428

Certain Protocols Routed While Others Are Not428

Host/Router Cannot Reach Certain Subnets429

No Routing with Redistribution430

Windows 95 and 98 Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans431

Host Unable to Reach Target Address431

Data-Link and Network Layer Exercises432

Various Data Link and IP Network Layer Sniffer Traces433

Two-Minute Drill440

Q A Self Test442

Lab Question447

Self Test Answers448

Lab Answer451

8 Diagnosing and Correcting IPX Problems453

8 Diagnosing and Correcting IPX Problems453

IPX Connection Sequence455

Routing Protocol Traffic455

Service Advertisement Traffic459

Exercise 8-1: SAP Identification461

Get Nearest Server462

NCP Request/Response462

Cisco IOS Software Tools and Commands463

The SHOW IPX INTERFACE Command465

The SHOW IPX ROUTE Command466

The SHOW IPX TRAFFIC Command467

The SHOW IPX ACCESS-LIST Command468

The SHOW IPX NLSP DATABASE Command470

The SHOW IPX NLSP NEIGHBORS Command472

The SHOW IPX EIGRP INTERFACES Command473

The SHOW IPX EIGRP NEIGHBORS Command474

The SHOW IPX EIGRP TRAFFIC Command475

The SHOW IPX EIGRP TOPOLOGY Command475

The SHOW IPX SERVERS Command476

The DEBUG IPX ROUTING Command477

The DEBUG IPX EIGRP Command479

The DEBUG IPX EIGRP EVENTS Command480

The DEBUG IPX EIGRP NEIGHBOR Command481

The DEBUG IPX PACKET Command482

The DEBUG IPX SAP Command483

Exercise 8-2: SAP DEBUGs485

PING487

The Standard IPX PING Command487

The DEBUG IPX NLSP EVENTS Command487

Exercise 8-3: IPX PING489

The EXTENDED IPX PING Command489

The IPX TRACEROUTE Command490

Problem Isolation in IPX Networks491

The Client491

Bridges and Switches493

Case Study: Switch Port Failure495

The Local Gateway496

Case Study: Token Ring Port Failure497

Case Study: Ethernet Port Failure498

Remote Routers500

Exercise 8-4: Timer Mismatch505

The Server506

IPX Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans509

Client Cannot Access Local Server510

Client Cannot Access Remote Server511

Exercise 8-5: Duplicate Network Problem515

SAP Updates Not Propagated by the Router520

Data Link and Network Layer Traces531

Client Broadcast GNS Request532

Server GNS Response532

Client RIP Route Request533

Server RIP Route Response533

Client NCP Request533

Client NCP Connection Request534

Server NCP Response534

Exercise 8-6: Protocol Analyzer535

Two-Minute Drill537

Q A Self Test541

Lab Question546

Self Test Answers548

Lab Answer553

9 Diagnosing and Correcting Apple Talk Problems555

9 Diagnosing and Correcting AppleTalk Problems555

LocalTalk557

The Evolution of Apple Talk557

Bootup and Address Assignment558

Apple Talk Connection Sequence559

Apple Talk Phase II561

Apple Talk Address Resolution Protocol561

Routing Protocol Traffic562

ZIP Queries and Replies565

GETZONELIST Request and Replies566

NBP Broadcast Requests and Propagation567

NBP Lookup and Response568

ATP Request and Reply569

Cisco IOS Software Tools and Commands569

The SHOW APPLETALK INTERFACE Command570

The SHOW APPLETALK ROUTE Command570

The SHOW APPLETALK ZONE Command571

The SHOW APPLETALK TRAFFIC Command572

The SHOW APPLETALK ACCESS-LIST Command573

The SHOW APPLETALK ARP Command573

The SHOW APPLETALK GLOBALS Command574

The SHOW APPLETALK NAME-CACHE Command574

The SHOW APPLETALK NBP Command574

The SHOW APPLETALK EIGRP INTERFACES Command575

The SHOW APPLETALK EIGRP NEIGHBORS Command575

The SHOW APPLETALK EIGRP TOPOLOGY Command575

The DEBUG APPLETALK ROUTING Command576

The DEBUG APPLETALK NBP Command576

The DEBUG APPLETALK ZIP Command576

The DEBUG APPLETALK PACKET Command577

The DEBUG APPLETALK ARP Command577

The DEBUG APPLETALK ERRORS Command577

The DEBUG APPLETALK EVENTS Command578

PING and TRACE578

The Standard AppleTalk PING Command579

The Extended AppleTalk PING Command579

The Standard AppleTalk TRACE Command579

The Extended AppleTalk TRACE Command580

AppleTalk Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans580

Host Cannot See Zones or Remote Services581

Services Are Not Available Outside the Local Network582

Zones Are Missing from Chooser583

Services Are Not Always Available584

Services Visible But Not Usable586

Zone List Changes Each Time Chooser Is Opened587

Connection to Services Drops587

Router Ports Stuck Restarting or Acquiring588

Old Zone Names (Ghost Zones) Appear in Chooser589

Two-Minute Drill591

Q A Self Test593

Lab Question599

Self Test Answers600

Lab Answer603

10 Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems605

10 Diagnosing and Correcting Catalyst Problems605

The Catalyst 5000 Series607

Catalyst Light-Emitting Diodes607

The Catalyst 6000 Series610

Exercisse 10-1: Matching LED Color with the Correct Meaning614

Cisco Works 2000615

Cable and Media Distance Limitations616

Copper Cabling616

Optical Networking617

Exercise 10-2: Cable Media Types and Segment Distances619

Catalyst Power-On Self Test620

System Tests620

The SHOW TEST Command627

Summary627

Exercise 10-3: Command-Line Physical Diagnostic Commands627

Level 2 Troubleshooting628

Spanning Tree628

Loop Avoidance629

Election of the Root Bridge629

Root Ports and Designated Ports630

Port States630

Exercise 10-4: Spanning-Tree Diagnosis636

Inter-Switch Link and Frame Tagging637

Internal Frame Tag and ISL638

ISL Frame Format638

VLAN Trunking Protocol and Propagation641

VTP Propagates the VLAN Table641

Cisco Discovery Protocol646

CDP Advertises Network Layer Information647

Diagnostic Commands648

The SHOW SYSTEM Command649

The SHOW INTERFACE Command649

The SHOW LOG Command649

The SHOW CAM DYNAMIC Command649

The SHOW MAC Command649

The SHOW MODULE Command650

The SHOW PORT Command650

The SHOW CONFIG Command650

The SHOW SPAN Command650

The SHOW SPANTREE Commadn650

The SHOW TRUNK Command651

The SHOW VLAN Command651

The SHOW FLASH Command651

The SHOW VTP DOMAIN Command651

The SHOW CDP NEIGHBOR Command652

Exercise 10-5: Diagnosing Trunking Issues652

Configuration653

The Switched Port Analyzer653

Catalyst Problem Isolation654

LDEs654

Switch Configuration655

Physical Connections655

Layer 2 Path Between Switches655

Catalyst Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans656

VLAN Configuration656

Switch Cannot Communicate with Local Devices657

Terminal Cannot Communicate with Switch658

Server Cannot Communicate with Remote Devices on Another LAN659

VTP Isn t Propagating VLAN Information660

Two-Minute Drill662

Q A SelfTest665

11 Troubleshooting VLANs on Routers and Switches667

Lab Question670

SelfTest Answers671

Lab Answer675

11 Troubleshooting VLANs on Routers and Switches677

Inter-VLAN Routing678

Exercise 11-1: Modern Network Design681

Router and Switch Configuration682

The Router on a Stick Configuration with Subinterfaces683

Switch Configuration in Talking to a Router684

RSM Configuration684

Configuring Bridging Between VLANs686

Exercise 11-2: Inter-VLAN Routing Configuration687

VLAN Design Issues688

STP Timers688

Network Diameter689

STP in Routed VLANs690

Default VLANs691

Exercise 11-3: Placement of the Root Bridge692

VLAN Troubleshooting693

Troubleshooting Strategies694

Exercise 11-4: Troubleshooting VLANs695

Router VLAN Diagnostic Tools696

The SHOW VLANS Command696

The SHOW SPAN Command697

The SHOW BRIDGE Command698

The SHOW INTERFACE Command699

The SHOW ARP Command700

The SHOW IP CACHE Command700

The DEBUG VLAN PACKET Command701

Exercise 11-5: Using Troubleshooting Tools702

Router and Switch Problem Isolation704

Physical Layer704

Switch Configurations704

Router Configuration705

Exercise 11-6: Troubleshooting an RSM706

Router VLAN Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans707

Slow or Unreliable Performance Within a VLAN707

Flooded Network: Spanning-Tree Loop708

Local Devices Cannot Communicate to Devices Beyond the Router710

Exercise 11-7: Examining a Catalyst 6000 Series Switch711

Two-Minute Drill713

Q A SelfTest715

Lab Exercise720

Self Test Answers722

Lab Answer724

12 Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems725

12 Diagnosing and Correcting Frame Relay Problems725

Frame Relay Diagnostic Tools726

The SHOW CONTROLLERS SERIAL Command728

The SHOW INTERFACES SERIAL Command729

The CLEAR COUNTERS SERIAL Command731

Exercise 12-1: Clear Counters731

The SHOW INTERFACES SERIAL Command732

The SHOW FRAME-RELAY LMI Command737

Exercise 12-2: Manually Set LMI Type740

The SHOW FRAME-RELAY MAP Command740

The SHOW FRAME-RELAY PVC Command742

Loopback Tests743

Exercise 12-3: Loopback Testing744

The DEBUG SERIAL INTERFACE Command746

The DEBUG FRAME-RELAY LMI Command748

The DEBUG FRAME-RELAY EVENTS Command749

The DEBUG FRAME-RELAY PACKET Command751

Problem Isolation in Frame Relay WANs752

Exercise: 12-4: Checking That the Correct DLCI Is Assigned755

Frame Relay Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans756

Exercise 12-5: Checking the Serial Interface for Input Errors759

Two-Minute Drill764

Q A SelfTest765

Lab Question771

SekfTest Answers773

Lab Answer776

13 Diagnosing and Correcting ISDN Problems779

13 Diagnosing and Correcting ISDN Problems779

BRI Overview780

2B+D=3DSOs781

ISDN and the OSI Model782

Differences Between B Channels and the D Channel782

Exercise 13-1: Troubleshooting Basic ISDN Connectivity783

ISDN Reference Points784

The ISDN S/T Interface787

Exercise 13-2: ISDN Reference Points787

Exercise 13-3: ISDN Cabling789

ISDN S/T Line Framing789

S/T Layer 1 Activation791

Exercise 13-4: Troubleshooting Layer 1 Problems791

ISDN Q.931 Call Setup792

Q.931 Message Format793

Exercise 13-5: Troubleshooting ISDN Calls794

PPP and Multilink PPP795

PPP Multilink795

Exercise 13-6: Identifying PPP Protocols796

ISDN BRI Diagnostic Tools796

The SHOW INTERFACES BRI O Command797

The SHOW INTERFACES BRI O 1 Command798

The SHOW INTERFACES BRI O 2 Command799

The SHOW CONTROLLER BRI O Command800

The SHOW ISDN STATUS Command801

The SHOW DIALER Command802

The SHOW PPP MULTILINK Command803

The DEBUG ISDN Q921 Command803

The DEBUG DIALER Command805

The DEBUG ISDN Q931 Command806

The DEBUG BRI Command809

The DEBUG PPP NEGOTIATION Command809

The DEBUG PPP AUTHENTICATION Command810

The DEBUG IP PACKET Command812

Exercise 13-7: Troubleshooting ISDN Activation813

Problem Isolation in ISDN BRI WANs814

Physical Layer814

ISDN Layer3815

ISDN Layer2815

DDR Configurations816

PPP and Authentication816

Exercise 13-18: Troubleshooting with DEBUG BRI817

ISDN Symptoms, Problems, and Action Plans817

ISDN Router Does Not Dial818

Users Cannot Connect819

ISDN Call from Router Does Not Go Through820

ISDN Router Cannot Ping the Remote Side820

Second ISDN B Channel Does Not Come Up820

Exercise 13-9: Troubleshooting Disconnects822

Two-Minute Drill824

Q A SelfTest827

Lab Question832

SelfTest Answers834

Lab Answer836

A About the CD839

A About the CD839

Cert Trainer840

System Requirements840

ExamSim840

Installing CertTrainer840

Saving Scores as Cookies841

E-Book842

Help842

Upgrading843

Glossary845

Glossary845

Index887

Index887