国际环境法【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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1 Introduction1

1.1 The Environment-Concept and Issues1

1.2 Environmental Challenges and Responses13

1.3 Environment and International Legal Order14

1.4 China＆International Environmental Law in General18

1.5Conclusion19

2 Origin and Evolution of International Environmental Law21

2.1 Introduction21

2.2 Before the 1972 Stockholm Conference22

2.3 From Stockholm to Rio：1972—199225

2.4 From Rio to Rio+2029

2.5 Conclusion34

3 Institutions and Governance36

3.1 Introduction36

3.2 States37

3.3 International Institutions39

3.4 Non-State Actors46

3.5 Conclusion49

4 General Principles and Rules50

4.1 Introduction50

4.2 Sovereignty over Natural Resources and the Responsibility Not to Cause Damage to the Environment of other States or to Areas beyond National Jurisdiction51

4.3 Principle of Preventive Action52

4.4 Precautionary Principle54

4.5 Polluter pays Principle56

4.6 Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities57

4.7 International Cooperation60

4.8 Sustainable Development61

4.9 Conclusion63

5 Implementation of the General Principles and Rules64

5.1 Introduction64

5.2 Regulatory Measures65

5.3 Economic Instruments71

5.4 Integrated Environmental Management73

5.5 Environmental Impact Assessment and Risk Assessment74

5.6 Environmental Information77

5.7 Conclusion83

6 Compliance：Enforcement and Conflict Resolution84

6.1 Introduction84

6.2 National Compliance of International Environmental Law85

6.3 International Compliance Mechanisms87

6.4 International Environmental Conflict Resolution95

6.5 Conclusion96

7 Atmosphere97

7.1 Introduction97

7.2 Transboundary Air Pollution106

7.3 Ozone Depletion112

7.4 Climate Change115

7.5 Outer Space117

7.6 China and Atmosphere120

7.7 Conclusion123

8 Oceans and Seas126

8.1 Introduction126

8.2 Combating Different Sources of Marine Pollution133

8.3 Regional Seas Programmes141

8.4 China and Oceans and Seas142

8.5 Conclusion147

9 Freshwater Resources149

9.1 Introduction149

9.2 Global Responses152

9.3 Regional Responses156

9.4 China and Freshwater Resources158

9.5 Conclusion159

10 Biological Diversity161

10.1 Introduction161

10.2 International Legal Responses165

10.3 Biotechnology＆Biosafety168

10.4 Access and Benefit Sharing169

10.5 Conservation of Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity172

10.6 China and Biological Diversity174

10.7 Conclusion180

11 Land Resources181

11.1 Introduction181

11.2 International Legal and Policy Responses184

11.3 Combating Desertification187

11.4 Wetlands188

11.5 World Heritages191

11.6 Polar Regions194

11.7 China and Land Resources200

11.8 Conclusion206

12 Hazardous Substances and Activities208

12.1 Introduction208

12.2 Chemicals,Pesticides and other Dangerous Substances213

12.3 Persistent Organic Pollutants216

12.4 Hazardous Wastes218

12.5 Mercury224

12.6 Radioactive Substances＆Activities224

12.7 Accident Prevention,Preparedness and Response230

12.8 China and Hazardous Substances and Activities231

12.9 Conclusion233

13 Economic Activities and Environment235

13.1 Introduction235

13.2 Poverty Eradication and Environment236

13.3 International Trade and Environment244

13.4 Green Economy252

13.5 Chinese Perspectives253

13.6 Conclusion255

14 Human Rights and Environment256

14.1 Introduction256

14.2 The Linkage between Human Rights and Environment：Global Approaches and Efforts258

14.3 Regional and National Approaches and Efforts263

14.4 China：Human Rights and Environment271

14.5 Conclusion273

15 Armed Conflict＆Environment274

15.1 Introduction274

15.2 International Humanitarian Law276

15.3 International Criminal Law281

15.4 Human Rights Law282

15.5 International Environmental Law285

15.6 Conclusion288

Select Bibliography289

Abbreviations and Acronyms297

About the Author302

Acknowledgements303