现代汉译英口译教程【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Unit 1　Tourism in China1

Ⅰ．Reading Materials1

1．China—A Tourist Attraction1

2．Beijing Today and Yesterday1

3．The Great Wall4

4．The Temple of Heaven5

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions6

Ⅲ．Language Notes12

1．“世界第八奇观”12

2．“解放”怎么译？12

3．表示地理位置时用的介词in,to和of12

4．一些中国特有的词组、用语的翻译12

5．地名的译法12

6．口译时中国计量单位的换算13

7．Beijing还是Peking？13

8．倍数表达法13

9．同义词、近义词辨析13

（1）road,street,avenue,boulevard,lane,alley,thoroughfare,expressway,freeway13

（2）construction,building,structure13

（3）site,scene,locale14

（4）pillar,column14

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting15

1．口译课的目的15

2．口译课的特点15

3．记忆力是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功16

Unit 2　Sports17

Ⅰ．Reading Materials17

1．Sports in China:A General Review17

2．Mass Participation and the National Fitness Program18

3．Traditional Sports20

（1）Wushu20

（2）Qigong21

4．Beijing Olympic Games22

5．Sports Industry23

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions24

Ⅲ．Language Notes35

1．record一词的搭配法35

2．“得冠军”、“得奖牌”的表达法35

3．体育运动中的“实力”、“强项”怎么译？35

4．“黑马”为什么是“dark”horse？36

5．“体育”用来修饰其他名词时，英语可用sports或sporting表达36

6．“运动员”的表达法37

7．“排名第&”怎么说？37

8．同义词、近义词辨析37

（1）physique,constitution37

（2）practice,exercise（1）37

（3）facility,equipment38

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting39

口译的类型和标准39

Unit 3　Education41

Ⅰ．Reading Materials41

1．Education in China—A General Introduction41

2．Major Types of Education in China42

（1）Basic Education42

（2）Vocational Education43

（3）Higher Education44

（4）Adult Education45

3．Special Areas and Issues in China's Education46

（1）Education in Rural Areas46

（2）Private Education47

（3）Special Education47

（4）Modern Distance Education and Lifelong Learning48

（5）Education Equity48

4．The New Zhejiang University49

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions51

Ⅲ．Language Notes61

1．education一词的搭配法61

2．school一词的搭配法61

3．“举办”、“主办”怎么译？62

4．“培养（人才）”怎么译？62

5．program一词的意思62

6．同义词、近义词辨析63

（1）law,rule,regulation63

（2）class,course63

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting65

译员的素质65

Unit 4　Women and Minors67

Ⅰ．Reading Materials67

1．Chinese Women Holding Up Half of the Sky67

（1）Women's Participation in Political Affairs68

（2）Women's involvement in Industrial and Agricultural Production68

（3）Women's Role in Domains of Science and Technology69

（4）Education for Women69

2．Chinese Laws Protect Minors70

（1）Guiding Principles for the Protection of Minors71

（2）Protection in the Family71

（3）Protection in School71

（4）Protection in Society71

（5）Judicial Protection72

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions73

Ⅲ．Language Notes79

1．构成百分比的表达法79

2．“平等”、“不平等”如何表达？79

3．“参政”、“参与国事”怎么译？80

4．-minded和-spirited构成的复合词80

5．“聋哑和智障儿童”的一种新的表达法80

6．一些职务的参考译法80

7．同义词、近义词辨析81

（1）emancipation,liberation81

（2）eradicate,eliminate,uproot,exterminate,wipe out82

（3）deputy,delegate,representative83

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting84

口译译员应通晓外事社交礼节，遵守涉外行为规范84

Unit 5　The Elderly and the Family87

Ⅰ．Reading Materials87

1．Characteristics of the Aging of Population in China87

2．The Work on Aging in China87

3．The Chinese Family and Family Life89

（1）Family Patterns89

（2）Family Life89

（3）The Five-Good Family Campaign90

4．Traditional Ethics and Contemporary Marriage90

（1）Traditional Ethics90

（2）Marriage and Divorce91

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions93

Ⅲ．Language Notes98

1．standard一词的搭配法98

2．change一词的搭配法98

3．“老人”怎么译？99

4．“&岁以上／以下”的表达法99

5．我国政权机关各级地区的参考译法99

6．同义词、近义词辨析99

（1）city,municipality,town,township99

（2）family,household99

（3）alter,change100

（4）movement,campaign100

（5）obligation,duty100

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting101

口译中的理解101

Unit 6　Population and Development103

Ⅰ．Reading Materials103

1．China:A Developing Country with the Largest Population in the World103

2．General Characteristics of China's Population103

（1）A Still Predominantly Rural Population103

（2）Uneven Population Distribution103

（3）A Large Base Figure with an Increasing Aging Population104

（4）A Steady Increase in the Population of Ethnic Groups104

3．Family Planning in China104

（1）Strict Control of Population Growth and Family Planning104

（2）Publicity and Education106

（3）Economic Incentives107

（4）Technical Guidance in Birth Control108

4．Effects of the Implementation of Family Planning Program108

（1）Excessive Population Growth Brought Under Effective Control108

（2）Marked Improvement in Level of Education109

（3）Aging Before Getting Rich109

5．A Call for a Transition from"Aging Before Getting Rich"to"Aging While Getting Rich"110

6．Challenges to Be Faced in the Next Few Decades111

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions112

Ⅲ．Language Notes117

1．population一词的搭配法117

2．“达到（数字）”怎么译？117

3．“照顾”怎么译？118

4．“考虑”怎么译？118

5．“宣传”、“传播”、“普及”、“推广”怎么译？119

6．achieve作及物动词的种种用法119

7．百分率（percent）与百分点（percentage point）120

8．同义词、近义词辨析120

（1）allot,allocate,distribute120

（2）ensure,guarantee121

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting123

记笔记是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功123

Unit 7　China's Minority Ethnic Groups125

Ⅰ．Reading Materials125

1．China—A Nation of Many Ethnic Groups125

2．China's Policies on Ethnic Groups126

3．China's 56 Ethnic Groups127

4．The Democratic Reform,Socialist Transformation,and Ethnic Autonomy129

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions131

Ⅲ．Language Notes140

1．unity一词的搭配法140

2．movement一词的搭配法140

3．“民族”、“少数民族”怎么译？140

4．practice作及物动词的种种用法140

5．表示“享有”的enjoy141

6．同义词、近义词辨析141

（1）unity,solidarity141

（2）relation,relationship142

（3）characteristic,feature142

（4）decide,determine143

（5）historic,historical143

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting144

如何记笔记144

Unit 8　Religion149

Ⅰ．Reading Materials149

1．Freedom of Religious Belief in China—Facts and Policies149

2．Religious Beliefs of the Peoples in China151

（1）Buddhism151

（2）Taoism153

（3）Islam154

（4）Catholicism154

（5）Protestantism155

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions156

Ⅲ．Language Notes166

1．influence一词的搭配法166

2．activity一词的搭配法166

3．policy一词的搭配法167

4．“恢复”怎么译？168

5．同义词、近义词辨析168

（1）influence,impact168

（2）abrogate,abolish169

（3）declare,announce,proclaim169

（4）compel,force170

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting171

数字的汉英互译是口译工作者应注意培养的基本功171

Unit 9　Medicine175

Ⅰ．Reading Materials175

1．China's Health Care System175

2．Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)176

3．Theoretic Framework,Diagnosis and Pharmacology of TCM177

4．Beijing Friendship Hospital180

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions181

Ⅲ．Language Notes194

1．network一词的搭配法194

2．regulation一词的搭配法194

3．result一词的搭配法194

4．“病人”的表达法195

5．增、减、获得、产生、损坏“抵抗力”的表达法195

6．cover表示“支付”的用法195

7．develop一词的多种含义196

8．-conscious构成的复合词197

9．“上升”和“下降”的表达法197

10．“机关”、“机构”怎么译？198

11．同义词、近义词辨析198

（1）hygiene,sanitation198

（2）spread,disseminate,propagate199

（3）disease,sickness,illness,ailment,malady199

（4）effect,result,consequence,outcome200

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting201

1．如何做数字的笔记201

2．笼统数字的译法202

3．对“序数”提问的译法202

Unit 10　Industry203

Ⅰ．Reading Materials203

1．Industry in China:An Overview203

（1）Heavy Industry204

（2）Light Industry205

2．China's Space Industry Takes Off206

3．Haier Striving to Create Global Brand Name207

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions209

Ⅲ．Language Notes217

1．system一词的搭配法217

2．“生产”、“产量”、“产品”的各种表达法217

3．operation一词的意思219

4．capacity一词的意思219

5．日本人名的译法值得特别注意219

6．同义词、近义词辨析220

（1）factory,plant,works,mill,complex220

（2）foundation,base,basis220

（3）energy,power221

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting222

口译中的表达222

Unit 11　Agriculture and Rural Economy223

Ⅰ．Reading Materials223

1．China's Rural Reform223

（1）Agriculture—the Foundation of China's Economic Development223

（2）Ups and Downs in China's Agricultural Production223

（3）Policies and Measures for Rural Reform224

（4）The Household Contract Responsibility System225

（5）The Second Period of the Rural Reform from 1985 Onward225

2．Food Security in China226

（1）New China Has Solved the Problem of Feeding Its People226

（2）Future Food Demand in China227

（3）China Can Ensure Food Security Relying on Domestic Production228

3．Township Enterprises229

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions231

Ⅲ．Language Notes236

1．attention一词的搭配法236

2．measure一词的搭配法236

3．“提高”的表达法237

4．“增产／减产”的表达法237

5．food security和food safety238

6．“农药”的译法238

7．“品种”的译法239

8．“水果蔬菜”的译法239

9．同义词、近义词辨析239

（1）peasant,farmer239

（2）agriculture,farming239

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting240

口译使用的语言240

Unit 12　The Opening-up and the Foreign Trade241

Ⅰ．Reading Materials241

1．China's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade241

（1）Foreign Trade241

（2）Utilizing Foreign Capital241

（3）Overseas Investment242

2．China's Participation in International Cooperation243

（1）China and WTO243

（2）China and APEC244

3．Special Economic Zones and the Development of Western China244

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions247

Ⅲ．Language Notes256

1．trade一词的搭配法256

2．market一词的搭配法256

3．profit一词的搭配法257

4．“参加”、“参与”怎么译？258

5．动词expand的用法258

6．动词involve的意思259

7．同义词、近义词辨析259

（1）figure,number259

（2）help,aid,assist260

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting261

口语体语音、语法、词汇和句子结构的特点261

Unit 13　Science and Technology265

Ⅰ．Reading Materials265

1．Development of Science and Technology in China265

2．Enhance China's Capacity for Independent Innovation and Make China an Innovative Country266

3．China's Space Activities267

4．Contributions by Ancient China269

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions270

Ⅲ．Language Notes277

1．plan一词的搭配法277

2．level一词的搭配法277

3．ability一词的搭配法278

4．“科研机构／单位”、“科研人员”的表达法278

5．“单位”怎么译？278

6．同义词、近义词辨析279

（1）institute,institution279

（2）technique,technology279

（3）personnel,staff,employee,human resources280

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting282

值得口译译员注意的汉、英文体差异282

Unit 14　Economic Development and Reform285

Ⅰ．Reading Materials285

1．Economic Development in China285

（1）Introduction285

（2）Establishment of Diversified Ownerships285

（3）Better Coordinated Economic Structure286

（4）Economic Restructuring286

2．China's 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005)287

（1）Proposal for Formulating the 10th Five-Year Plan(2001-2005)for National Economic and Social Development287

（2）Guiding Principles of the Outline of the 10th Five-Year Plan288

3．Private Sector289

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions291

Ⅲ．Language Notes298

1．reform一词的搭配法298

2．goal一词的搭配法298

3．effort（s）一词的搭配法299

4．“改革开放”、“改革开放以来”的表达法299

5．“个体和私营经济成分”为什么译作private sector？300

6．“加快”、“加速”怎么译？300

7．“坚持”怎么译？300

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting302

口译译员的应变能力302

Unit 15　Environmental Protection303

Ⅰ．Reading Materials303

1．Environmental Situation in China303

（1）Development of Environmental Protection During the 10th Five-Year Plan Period303

（2）Environmental Situation Still Grave303

（3）Environmental Protection Work Entering New Stage304

2．Mission for China's Ministry of Environmental Protection305

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions308

Ⅲ．Language Notes316

1．cooperation一词的搭配法316

2．development一词的搭配法316

3．problem一词的搭配法317

4．management一词的搭配法318

5．表示“恶化”的degradation和deterioration319

6．同义词、近义词辨析319

（1）area,region,zone,belt319

（2）contamination,pollution320

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting321

译员对说话人以及自己错误的处理321

Unit 16　China's Foreign Policy323

Ⅰ．Reading Materials323

1．Unswervingly Following the Path of Peaceful Development323

2．China's Independent Foreign Policy of Peace325

3．The Thesis of Peace,Development and Cooperation Is an Enrichment and Development of China's Independent Foreign Policy of Peace327

4．Adhere to Opening-up and Cooperation and Pursue Win-Win Progress329

5．China's Stand on South-South Cooperation329

6．Asia-Europe Cooperation330

7．China's Diplomatic Achievements over the Past 30 Years331

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions334

Ⅲ．Language Notes346

1．relation一词的搭配法346

2．principle一词的搭配法346

3．friendship一词的搭配法347

4．“主张”怎么译？348

5．“维护”怎么译？349

6．“重视”、“注意”怎么译？350

7．“反对”怎么译？351

8．“遵守”、“遵循”、“遵照”怎么译？351

9．“实现”怎么译？352

10．“矛盾”怎么译？353

11．同义词、近义词辨析354

（1）reciprocal,mutual,common354

（2）opportunity,chance355

（3）interference,intervention356

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting357

礼仪、接待套语的口译357

Unit 17　Policies Toward Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan365

Ⅰ．Reading Materials365

1．Hona Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions(HKSAR and MSAR)365

2．Taiwan Question and the Cross-Strait Relations365

3．Peaceful Reunification and the Principle of"One Country,Two Systems"368

4．Direct Trade,Postal,Air and Shipping Services370

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions371

Ⅲ．Language Notes377

1．sovereignty一词的搭配法377

2．negotiation一词的搭配法377

3．tie（s）一词的搭配法378

4．agreement一词的搭配法378

5．understanding一词的搭配法379

6．“问题”怎么译？379

7．“按照”、“根据”怎么译？381

8．同义词、近义词辨析383

（1）practice,exercise（2）383

（2）resolve,solve383

（3）inheritance,heritage,legacy384

（4）whole,entire,all,total385

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting386

译员的跨文化交流意识386

Unit 18　Culture387

Ⅰ．Reading Materials387

1．Chinese Culture387

（1）Peking Opera387

（2）Chinese Music389

（3）Chinese Classical Literature389

（4）Chinese Painting and Calligraphy390

（5）Acrobatics392

（6）Arts and Crafts392

2．Cultural Industries of China394

（1）Mass Media394

（2）Libraries and Museums396

3．Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage in China397

4．Cultural Exchange398

Ⅱ．Words and Expressions400

Ⅲ．Language Notes413

1．achievement一词的搭配法413

2．reputation一词的搭配法413

3．information一词的搭配法414

4．用在日期、数字前面的c．表示什么？415

5．“景泰蓝”名称的由来415

6．同义词、近义词辨析415

（1）entertainment,amusement,recreation415

（2）restrain,restrict415

（3）correspondent,reporter,journalist,newsman416

（4）film(s),movie(s),cinema416

Ⅳ．Guide to Oral Interpreting417

成语、谚语的译法417

相关网址420

参考书目423