数字与模拟通信系统 英文版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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PREFACE19

LIST OF SYMBOLS23

1 INTRODUCTION29

1-1 Historical Perspective30

1-2 Digital and Analog Sources and Systems30

1-3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms33

1-4 Organization of the Book34

1-5 Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB35

1-6 Block Diagram of a Communication System36

1-7 Frequency Allocations38

1-8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves40

1-9 Information Measure44

1-10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems46

1-11 Coding47

Block Codes48

Convolutional Codes50

Code Interleaving53

Code Performance53

Trellis-Coded Modulation56

1-12 Preview57

1-13 Study-Aid Examples57

Problems58

2 SIGNALS AND SPECTRA60

2-1 Properties of Signals and Noise60

Physically Realizable Waveforms60

Time Average Operator62

DC Value63

Power64

RMS Value and Normalized Power66

Energy and Power Waveforms67

Decibel67

Phasors69

2-2 Fourier Transform and Spectra70

Definition70

Properties of Fourier Transforms73

Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectral Density75

Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function78

Rectangular and Triangular Pulses81

Convolution85

2-3 Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function88

Power Spectral Density88

Autocorrelation Function90

2-4 Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise92

Orthogonal Functions92

Orthogonal Series94

2-5 Fourier Series95

Complex Fourier Series95

Quadrature Fourier Series97

Polar Fourier Series98

Line Spectra for Periodic Waveforms100

Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms104

2-6 Review of Linear Systems106

Linear Time-Invariant Systems106

Impulse Response106

Transfer Function107

Distortionless Transmission110

Distortion of Audio,Video,and Data Signals111

2-7 Bandlimited Signals and Noise113

Bandlimited Waveforms113

Sampling Theorem114

Impulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing（DSP）117

Dimensionality Theorem120

2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform121

Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform122

Using the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series127

2-9 Bandwidth of Signals128

2-10 Summary137

2-11 Study-Aid Examples137

Problems142

3 BASEBAND PULSE AND DIGITAL SIGNALING150

3-1 Introduction150

3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation151

Natural Sampling（Gating）151

Instantaneous Sampling（Flat-Top PAM）155

3-3 Pulse Code Modulation159

Sampling,Quantizing,and Encoding160

Practical PCM Circuits160

Bandwidth of PCM Signals164

Effects of Noise165

Nonuniform Quantizing:μ-Law and A-Law Companding169

V.90 56-kb/s PCM Computer Modem173

3-4 Digital Signaling174

Vector Representation175

Bandwidth Estimation177

Binary Signaling178

Multilevel Signaling180

3-5 Line Codes and Spectra182

Binary Line Coding182

Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes185

Differential Coding191

Eye Patterns192

Regenerative Repeaters193

Bit Synchronization195

Power Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ Signals198

Spectral Efficiency201

3-6 Intersymbol Interference202

Nyquist's First Method（Zero ISI）204

Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist Filtering205

Nyquist's Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI210

3-7 Differential Pulse Code Modulation210

3-8 Delta Modulation214

Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise216

Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation219

Speech Coding221

3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing221

Frame Synchronization222

Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines224

TDMH ierarchy228

The T1 PCM System233

3-10 Packet Transmission System235

3-11 Pulse Time Modulation:Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation235

3-12 Summary237

3-13 Study-Aid Examples240

Problems243

4 BANDPASS SIGNALING PRINCIPLES AND CIRCUITS250

4-1 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms250

Definitions:Baseband,Bandpass,and Modulation250

Complex Envelope Representation251

4-2 Representation of Modulated Signals253

4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signals256

4-4 Evaluation of Power257

4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion260

Equivalent Low-Pass Filter260

Linear Distortion262

4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem264

4-7 Received Signal Plus Noise265

4-8 Classification of Filters and Amplifiers266

Filters266

Amplifiers270

4-9 Nonlinear Distortion271

4-10 Limiters276

4-11 Mixers,UP Converters,and Down Converters277

4-12 Frequency Multipliers283

4-13 Detector Circuits285

Envelope Detector285

Product Detector286

Frequency Modulation Detector288

4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers293

4-15 Direct Digital Synthesis301

4-16 Transmitters and Receivers301

Generalized Transmitters301

Generalized Receiver:The Superheterodyne Receiver303

Zero-IF Receivers307

Interference308

4-17 Software Radios308

4-18 Summary309

4-19 Study-Aid Examples309

Problems315

5 AM,FM,AND DIGITAL MODULATED SYSTEMS320

5-1 Amplitude Modulation321

5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Standards326

Digital AM Braodcasting327

5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier328

5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring Loop328

5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signals330

Single Sideband330

Vestigial Sideband334

5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation336

Representation of PM and FM Signals336

Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals341

Narrowband Angle Modulation346

Wideband Frequency Modulation347

Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems351

5-7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo351

5-8 FM Broadcast Technical Standards355

Digital FM Braodcasting355

5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling357

On-Off Keying（OOK）357

Binary Phase-Shift Keying（BPSK）361

Differential Phase-Shift Keying（DPSK）363

Frequency-Shift Keying（FSK）363

5-10 Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling370

Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying（QPSK）and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying（MPSK）370

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation（QAM）373

OQPSK and π／4 QPSK376

PSD for MPSK,QAM,QPSK,OQPSK,and π／4 QPSK377

Spectral Effciency for MPSK,QAM,QPSK,OQPSK,and π／4 QPSK with Raised Cosine Filtering379

5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying（MSK）and GMSK380

5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing（OFDM）385

5-13 Spread Spectrum Systems390

Direct Sequence391

Frequency Hopping397

SS Frequency Bands397

5-14 Summary397

5-15 Study-Aid Examples399

Problems402

6 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS409

6-1 Some Basic Definitions409

Random Processes409

Stationarity and Ergodicity411

Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity415

Complex Random Processes417

6-2 Power Spectral Density419

Definition419

Wiener-Khintchine Theorem420

Properties of the PSD423

General Formula for the PSD of Digital Signals427

White-Noise Processes430

Measurement of PSD431

6-3 DC and RMS Values for Ergodic Random Processes432

6-4 Linear Systems434

Input-Output Relationships434

6-5 Bandwidth Measures439

Equivalent Bandwidth439

RMS Bandwidth439

6-6 The Gaussian Random Process441

Properties of Gaussian Processes442

6-7 Bandpass Processes446

Bandpass Representations446

Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes449

Proofs of Some Properties454

6-8 Matched Filters459

General Results459

Results for White Noise461

Correlation Processing466

Transversal Matched Filter467

6-9 Summary470

6-10 Appendix:Proof of Schwarz's Inequality472

6-11 Study-Aid Examples474

Problems476

7 PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORRUPTED BY NOISE482

7-1 Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling482

General Results482

Results for Gaussian Noise485

Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception487

Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception488

7-2 Performance of Baseband Binary Systems489

Unipolar Signaling489

Polar Signaling492

Bipolar Signaling492

7-3 Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals494

On-Off Keying494

Binary-Phase-Shift Keying496

Frequency-Shift Keying497

7-4 Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals500

On-Off Keying500

Frequency-Shift Keying504

Differential Phase-Shift Keying506

7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying508

7-6 Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems510

Bit-Error Rate and Bandwidth510

Symbol Error and Bit Error for Multilevel Signaling512

Synchronization513

7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems514

7-8 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems520

Comparison with Baseband Systems520

AM Systems with Product Detection521

AM Systems with Envelope Detection523

DSB-SC Systems524

SSB Systems525

PM Systems525

FM Systems529

FM Systems with Threshold Extension532

FM Systems with Deemphasis534

7-9 Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems537

Ideal System Performance537

7-10 Summary540

7-11 Study-Aid Examples540

Problems549

8 WIRE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS555

8-1 The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications555

8-2 Telephone Systems555

Historical Basis556

Modern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals557

8-3 Digital Subscriber Lines（DSL）563

G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber Lines564

Video On Demand（VOD）566

Integrated Service Digital Network（ISDN）566

8-4 Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks569

8-5 Satellite Communication Systems569

Digital and Analog Television Transmission574

Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access576

Satellite Radio Broadcasting581

8-6 Link Budget Analysis583

Signal Power Received584

Thermal Noise Sources586

Characterization of Noise Sources587

Noise Characterization of Linear Devices588

Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices594

Link Budget Evaluation596

Eb/No Link Budget for Digital Systems598

Path Loss for Urban Wireless Environments599

8-7 Fiber-Optic Systems603

8-8 Cellular Telephone Systems607

First Generation（1G）—The AMPS Analog System608

Second Generation（2G）—The Digital Systems611

The 1,900-MHz Band PCS Systems614

Status of 2G Networks615

Third Generation（3G）Systems615

8-9 Television616

Black-and-White Television616

MTS Stereo Sound623

Color Television623

Standards for TV and CATV Svstems628

Digital TV（DTV）636

8-10 Cable Data Modems640

8-11 Wireless Data Networks641

Wi-Fi641

Wi-Max643

8-12 Summary644

8-13 Study-Aid Examples644

Problems649

APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES,IDENTITIES,AND TABLES653

A-1 Trigonometry and Complex Numbers653

Definitions653

Trigonometric Identities and Complex Numbers653

A-2 Differential Calculus654

Definition654

Differentiation Rules654

Derivative Table654

A-3 Indeterminate Forms655

A-4 Integral Calculus655

Definition655

Integration Techniques656

A-5 Integral Tables656

Indefinite Integrals656

Definite Integrals657

A-6 Series Expansions658

Finite Series658

Infinite Series658

A-7 Hilbert Transform Pairs659

A-8 The Dirac Delta Function659

Properties of Dirac Delta Functions660

A-9 Tabulation of Sa（x）=（sinx）/x661

A-10 Tabulation of Q（z）662

APPENDIX B PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES664

B-1 Introduction664

B-2 Sets664

B-3 Probability and Relative Frequency666

Simple Probability666

Joint Probability667

Conditional Probabilities668

B-4 Random Variables669

B-5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions669

Properties of CDFs and PDFs672

Discrete and Continuous Distributions672

B-6 Ensemble Average and Moments676

Ensemble A verage676

Moments677

B-7 Examples of Important Distributions679

Binomial Distribution679

Poisson Distribution682

Uniform Distribution682

Gaussian Distribution682

Sinusoidal Distribution687

B-8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables687

B-9 Multivariate Statistics692

Multivariate CDFs and PDFs692

Bivariate Statistics694

Gaussian Bivariate Distribution695

Multivariate Functional Transformation696

Central Limit Theorem698

Problems700

APPENDIX C USING MATLAB706

C-1 Quick Start for Running M-Files707

C-2 Programming in MATLAB707

REFERENCES710

ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS723

INDEX727

Abbreviations750

Fourier Transform Theorems752

Fourier Transform Pairs753

Q（z）Function753