萨缪尔森辞典【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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基础综合部1

二画1

M11

人力资本1

三画6

个人所得税6

土地7

广义货币10

马尔萨斯人口增长理论11

四画13

不可分拨13

不可再生资源14

公司16

公平17

公共品19

公共选择21

反托拉斯法24

支付29

支付矩阵29

支付能力原则30

支票账户34

欠发达国家35

比例税36

长期37

风险37

风险分摊39

风险规避40

五画41

占优均衡41

占优战略43

发展中国家43

可分拨43

可再生资源44

失业者44

市场45

市场经济46

归宿47

生产要素50

六画52

交易货币52

产出53

价值悖论53

创新54

合成谬误57

合作均衡57

后此谬误58

存量58

成本-效益分析59

有效市场60

自由放任63

负所得税63

七画65

技术变革65

免费品66

劳动力67

投机68

折旧69

社会保险70

社会管制73

私人品73

纳什均衡74

纵向公平75

间接税76

八画77

实证经济学77

易货贸易79

歧视79

现值83

直接税84

知识产权85

经济计量学88

经济学88

经济品92

经济管制93

规范经济学94

货币95

货币市场97

非合作均衡101

非劳动力101

九画102

独立品102

保险102

信息经济学104

受益原则106

变量108

指令经济109

狭义货币110

科斯定理110

统计性歧视114

胜者全得博弈116

逆向选择117

十画118

套利118

套期保值119

效率121

效率工资理论123

流量125

资本126

资本深化129

十一画129

商品货币129

弹性130

斜率131

混合经济132

累进所得税134

累退税135

银行货币135

十二画136

博弈论136

就业者139

普通股票142

最低可持续失业率144

短期147

稀缺性148

税收归宿148

道德风险148

十三画150

福利国家150

十四画154

管制154

十五画157

横向公平157

微观经济学部159

一画159

70规则159

一般均衡160

三画162

工资差异162

四画163

不完全竞争163

互补品166

勾结167

双头垄断168

双头垄断价格战168

无价格弹性的需求169

无差异曲线170

五画172

失业率172

卡特尔175

可变成本176

可变要素176

外部性177

市场不灵179

市场权力180

市场均衡181

平均可变成本181

平均产量182

平均成本182

平均收益182

平均固定成本183

生产可能性边界183

生产函数186

生产率187

边际产量188

边际成本188

边际收益189

边际收益产品190

边际收益递减规律191

边际原则192

边际效用192

边际效用递减规律194

六画196

产品差别196

名义利息率198

地租199

成本200

收入分配理论201

收入效应203

收入弹性204

收益表205

有价格弹性的需求208

机会成本208

自然垄断211

负债212

七画212

投入212

利息213

利润215

利率217

劳动供给220

劳动总量谬误223

均衡224

均衡价格225

完全竞争226

局部均衡分析230

序数效用232

纯经济租金232

纵向兼并233

补偿性差异234

财富235

进入壁垒237

八画238

供给曲线238

供给的价格弹性239

供给表241

供给变动241

供给原则243

供给量244

供给量的变动244

净值245

净损失245

单位价格弹性的需求246

固定成本246

固定要素247

垄断247

垄断竞争252

实际工资255

实际利息率256

帕累托效率256

经济成本256

经济利润257

经济租金258

规模收益259

规模收益不变261

规模收益递减262

规模收益递增262

九画264

复利264

总产量264

总成本266

总收益267

总效用269

派生需求269

看不见的手271

十画272

兼并272

损益表275

效用275

效用可能性边界277

消费者剩余278

租金279

竞争均衡279

资本收益率280

资产281

资产负债表282

配置效率283

十一画285

停业价格285

停业点285

停业原则285

基数效用285

混合兼并287

十二画288

替代规则288

替代规律289

替代品289

替代效应290

最低成本291

最低成本原则292

等边际准则293

等产量曲线294

等成本曲线295

策略互动295

集中度296

集体协议298

十三画300

微观经济学300

零利润点303

十四画303

寡头303

需求价格弹性306

需求向下倾斜规律308

需求曲线310

需求的变动311

需求表313

需求原则314

需求量315

需求量的变动316

十五画317

横向兼并317

宏观经济学部319

三画319

GDP紧缩指数319

GDP缺口320

个人可支配收入321

个人收入322

个人储蓄323

个人储蓄率326

四画327

支出乘数327

中央银行328

公开市场业务331

内在稳定器333

升值333

开放经济333

开放经济乘数335

比较优势337

长期总供给表339

五画341

出口341

生产(者)价格指数344

古典理论345

可调整钉住349

外汇350

外汇市场352

外汇汇率354

失业357

对外净投资363

布雷顿森林体系364

平均消费倾向372

平均储蓄倾向373

平衡预算374

汇率制度379

生产率增长减速382

边际进口倾向383

边际消费倾向384

边际储蓄倾向385

六画385

收入385

交易需求388

价格指数390

全部要素生产率391

关税392

名义国内生产总值395

名义国民生产总值396

成本推动的通货膨胀396

收入政策398

收支相抵点403

自由贸易403

自动稳定器407

自愿失业410

七画412

投资412

投资乘数414

投资需求曲线415

宏观经济学417

社会分摊资本421

财政货币政策的配合421

财政政策424

进口431

八画434

供应学派经济学434

供给冲击441

法定准备金443

净出口444

凯恩斯主义经济学445

周期性失业449

周期性预算453

固定汇率制454

国民生产净值455

国民生产总值紧缩指数456

国内生产净值458

国内生产总值459

国民生产总值463

国民收入467

国民储蓄率471

国际收支平衡表473

国际货币制度475

实际国内生产总值480

实际国民生产总值482

实际预算483

经济发展483

经济增长487

经济增长极限理论493

经济增长理论496

经常性账户502

股票市场503

货币主义504

货币传导机制510

货币收入周转率513

货币供应514

货币供给乘数517

货币规则520

货币政策521

货币联盟531

货币数量理论535

货币需求538

贬值542

转移支付545

金本位制547

金融中介549

金融经济学551

降值551

非自愿失业552

九画554

保护主义554

哈罗德-多马经济增长模型559

急剧的通货膨胀563

总供给564

总供给曲线571

总需求576

总需求曲线577

指数化580

挤出效应假说582

政府支出乘数583

政府债务585

政策无效性定理588

洛伦茨曲线592

结构性失业594

结构性预算597

贴现率598

贸易余额600

贸易条件600

贸易壁垒603

十画606

乘数606

乘数原理610

乘数模型613

恶性的通货膨胀615

消费616

消费函数618

消费者价格指数622

真实商业周期理论624

衰退626

资本账户626

资本形成627

资产需求628

通货膨胀629

通货膨胀率636

部分准备金银行制度638

配额640

预算643

预算赤字645

预算盈余649

十一画651

商业周期651

商业银行658

商品贸易余额660

弹性汇率制662

惯性通货膨胀664

理性预期假说665

菲利普斯曲线669

萧条679

萨伊市场定律680

银行682

银行准备金682

十二画682

储蓄682

储蓄函数683

奥肯法则685

温和的通货膨胀687

短期总供给表688

税收乘数690

联邦储备系统691

十三画693

新古典宏观经济学693

新古典经济增长模型695

新经济增长理论699

新剑桥经济增长模型703

十四画707

管理汇率制707

需求拉上型通货膨胀708

十五画711

增长核算理论711

增值712

潜在国内生产总值713

十六画714

磨檫性失业714

参考文献718

General Part30

A30

Ability-to-pay principle30

Adverse selection117

Antitrust legislation24

Appropriable43

Arbitrage118

B135

Bank money135

Barter79

Benefit principle106

Broad money10

C126

Capital126

Capital deepening129

Checking account34

Coase theorem110

Command economy109

Commodity money129

Common stock142

Cooperative equilibrium57

Corporation16

Cost-benefit analysis59

D69

Depreciation(of and asset)69

Developing country43

Direct taxes84

Discrimination79

Dominant equilibrium41

Dominant strategy43

E88

Econometrics88

Economic goods92

Economic regulation93

Economics88

Exonomics of information104

Efficiency121

Efficiency-wage theory123

Efficient market60

Elasticity130

Employed139

Equity17

F50

Factors of production50

Fallacy of composition57

Flow125

Free goods66

G136

Game theory136

H119

Hedging119

Horizontal equity157

Human capital1

I13

Inappropriable13

Incidence47

Incidence of tax148

Indirect taxes76

Individual income taxes6

Independent goods102

Innovation54

Insurance102

Intellectual property rights85

L63

Laissez faire63

Labour force67

Land7

Less developed country-LDC35

Long run37

Lowest sustainable rate of unemployment-LSUR144

M11

Malthusian theory of population growth11

Market45

Market Economy46

Mixed economy132

Money95

Money market97

Moral hazard148

N110

Narrow money110

Nash equilibrium74

Negative income tax63

Noncooperative equilibrium101

Nonrenewable resources14

Normative economics94

Not in the labor force101

O53

Outputs53

P53

Paradox of value53

Payoff table29

Payoffs29

Positive economices77

Post hoc fallacy58

Present value(of an asset)83

Private goods73

Progressive taxes134

Proportional taxes36

Public choice21

Public goods19

R135

Regressive taxes135

Regulation154

Renewable resources44

Risk37

Risk averse40

Risk spreading39

S148

Scarcity148

Short-run147

Slope131

Social insurance70

Social regulation73

Speculation68

Statistical discrimination114

Stock58

T65

Technological change65

Transaction money52

U44

Unemployed44

V108

Variable108

Vertical equity75

W150

Welfare state150

Winner-take-all game116

Microeconomic Part283

A283

Allocative efficiency283

Assets281

Average cost-AC182

Average fixed cost-AFC183

Average product-AP182

Average revenue-AR182

Average variable cost-AVC181

B282

Balance sheet282

Barriers to entry237

C285

Cardinal utility285

Cartel175

Change in supply241

Change in supply in quantity244

Change in demnd311

Change in quantity demanded316

Collective bargaining298

Collusion167

Compensating differentials234

Competitive equilibrium279

Complements166

Compound interest264

Concentration ratio296

Conglomerate mergers287

Constant returns to scale261

Consumer surplus278

Cost200

D245

Deadweight loss245

Decreasing returns to scale262

Demand curve310

Demand rule314

Demand schedule313

Derived demand269

Duopoly168

Duopoly price war168

E256

Economic cost256

Economic profits257

Exonomic rent258

Equal-cost line295

Equal-product curve294

Equilibrium224

Equilibrium price225

Equimarginal principle293

Extemalities177

F246

Fixed cost-FC246

Fixed factors247

G160

General equilibrium160

H317

Horizontal mergers317

I163

Imperfect competition163

Income effect(of price change)203

Income elasticity-EI204

Income Statement205

Increasing retums to scale262

Indifference curve170

Inputs212

Interest213

Interest rate217

Invisible hand271

L220

Labor supply220

Land rent199

Law of diminishing marginal utility194

Law of downward-sloping demand308

Least-cost rule292

Liabilities212

Lump-of-labour fallacy223

M188

Marginal cost-MC188

Marginal principle192

Marginal product-MP188

Marginal revenue-MR189

Marginal revenue product190

Marginal utility-MU192

Market equilibrium181

Market failure179

Market power180

Merger272

Microeconomics300

Minimum cost291

Monopolistic competition252

Monopoly247

N211

Natural monopoly211

Net worth245

Nominal interest rate198

O303

Oligopoly303

Opportunity cost208

Ordinal utility232

P256

Pareto efficiency256

Partial-equilibrium analysis230

Perfect competition226

Price elasticity of demand-Ed306

Price elasticity of supply-Es239

Price-elastic demand208

Price-inelastic demand169

Product differentiation196

Production function186

Production-possibility frontier-PPF183

Productivity187

Profit215

Profit-and-loss-statement275

Pure economic rent232

Q315

Quantity in demand315

Quantity in supply244

R280

Rate of retum on capital280

Real interest rate256

Real wages255

Rent279

Retums to scale259

Rule of 70159

S285

Shut-down point285

Shut-down price285

Shut-down rule285

Strategic interaction295

Substitution289

Substitution effect290

Substitution rule288

Supply curve238

Supply rule243

T201

Theory of income distribution201

The law of diminishing retums197

The law of substitution289

Total cost-TC266

Total product264

Total revenue267

Total utility269

U246

Unit-elastic demand246

Unemployment rate172

Utility275

Utility-possibility frontier277

V176

Variable cost-VC176

Variable factors176

Vertical merger233

W162

Wage differentials162

Wealth235

Zero-profit point303

Macroeconomic Part610

A610

Accelerator principle610

Actual budget483

Adjustable peg349

Aggregate demand-AD576

Aggregate demand curve577

Aggregate supply-AS564

Aggregate supply curve571

Appreciation333

Asset demand(for money)628

Automatic stabilizers407

Average propensity of consume-APC372

Average propensity of save-APS373

B473

Balance of intemational payment473

Balanced budget374

Bank682

Bank reserves682

Break-even point(in macroeconomics)403

Bretton woods system364

Budget643

Budget deficit645

Budget surplus649

Built-in stabilizers333

Business cycle651

C626

Capital account626

Capital formation627

Central bank328

Classical theories(in macroeconomics)345

Commercial bank658

Comparative advantage337

Consumer price index-CPI622

Consumption616

Consumption function618

Cost-push inflation396

Crowding-out hypothesis582

Current account502

Cyclical budget453

Cyclical unemployment449

D538

Demand for money538

Demand-pull inflation708

Depreciation542

Depression679

Devaluation551

Discount rate598

Disposable personal income321

E483

Economic development483

Economic growth487

Exchange-rate system379

Expenditure multiplier327

Exports341

F691

Federal reserve system691

Financial economics551

Financial intermediary549

Fiscal policy424

Fiscal-monetary mix421

Fixed exchange rates454

Flexible exchange rate662

Foreign exchange350

Foreign exchange market352

Foreign exchange rate354

Fractional-reserve banking638

Free trade403

Frictional unemployment714

G563

Galloping inflation563

GDP deflator319

GDP gap320

Gold standard547

Govemment debt585

Govemment expenditure multiplier-Kg583

Gross domestic product-GDP459

Gross national product-GNP463

Gross national product Deflator456

Growth accounting711

H559

Harrod-domar growth model559

Hyperinflation615

I431

Imports431

Income385

Income velocity of money513

Incomes policy398

Indexing580

Inertial inflation664

Inflation629

Inflation rate636

Intemational monetary system475

Investment412

Investment demand curve415

Investment multiplier414

Involuntary unemployment552

K445

Keynesian economics445

L339

Long-run aggregate supply schedule339

Lorenz curve592

Low inflation687

M417

Macroeconomics417

Managed exchange rate707

Marginal propensity of consume-MPC384

Marginal propensity of save-MPS385

Marginal propensity to import383

Merchandise trade balance660

Monetarism504

Monetary policy521

Monetary rule520

Monetary transmission mechanism510

Monetary union531

Money supply514

Money-supply multiplier517

Multiplier606

Multiplier model613

N467

National income467

National savings rate471

Neoclassical model of economic growth695

Net domestic product-NDP458

Net exports444

Net foreign investment363

Net national product455

New cambridge-model of economic growth703

New classical macroeconomics693

Nominal gross domestic product395

Nominal gross national product396

O685

Okun s law685

Open economy333

Open-economy multiplier335

Open-market operations331

P322

Personal income322

Personal savings323

Personal savings rate326

Phillips curve-PC669

Policy ineffectiveness theorem588

Potential GDP713

Price index390

Productivity slowdown382

Producer price Index-PPI344

Protectionism554

Q535

Quantity theory of money535

Quota640

R665

Rational-expectations hypothesis665

Real gross domestic product480

Real gross national product482

Real-business-cycle theory624

Recession626

Required Reserves443

Revaluation712

S682

Savings682

Savings function683

Say s law of market680

Short-run aggregate supply schedule688

Social overhead capital421

Stock market503

Structual budget597

Structural unemployment594

Supply shock441

Supply-side economics434

T392

Tariff392

Tax multiplier690

Terms of trade(in international trade)600

Theories of economic growth496

Theory of economic-growth limits493

Theory of Neo-economic Growth699

Total factor productivity-TF391

Trade balance600

Trade barrier603

Transaction demand(for money)388

Transfer payments545

U357

Unemployment357

V410

Voluntary unemployment410

References718