工程制图基础 第5版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Part 1 Basic Drawing and Design1

Chapter 1 Engineering Graphics as a Language2

1-1 The Language of Industry2

Drawing Standards3

1-2 Careers in Engineering Graphics3

The Student3

Places of Employment5

Training,Qualifications,and Advancement5

Employment Outlook6

1-3 The Drafting Office6

1-4 Board Drafting7

Drafting Furniture7

Drafting Equipment7

Review and Assignments16

Chapter 2 Computer-Aided Drawing(CAD)19

2-1 Overview19

2-2 Components of a CAD System20

Hardware20

Software25

2-3 Communication Environment28

Local Area Networks(LANs)28

Wide Area Networks(WANs) and the World Wide Web(WWW)29

Cooperative Work Environments29

2-4 Computer-Aided Manufacturing(CAM)30

Computer Numerical Control30

Robotics30

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing(CIM)30

Review and Assignments32

Chapter 3 Drawing Media,Filing,Storage,and Reproduction34

3-1 Drawing Media and Format34

Drawing Media34

Standard Drawing Sizes34

Drawing Format35

3-2 Filing and Storage38

Filing Systems38

CAD40

3-3 Drawing Reproduction41

Reproduction Equipment41

Computer-Aided Drawing45

Review and Assignments47

Chapter 4 Basic Drafting Skills48

4-1 Straight Line Work,Lettering,and Erasing48

Manual Drafting48

CAD54

Coordinate Input54

4-2 Circles and Arcs56

Center Lines56

CAD56

Drawing Circles and Arcs56

CAD56

4-3 Drawing Irregular Curves58

CAD58

4-4 Sketching59

Sketching Paper59

Basic Steps to Follow When Sketching62

Computer-Aided Drawing63

Review and Assignments66

Chapter 5 Applied Geometry78

5-1 Beginning Geometry:Straight Lines78

5-2 Arcs and Circles81

5-3 Polygons83

5-4 Ellipse84

5-5 Helix and Parabola85

Helix85

Parabola86

Computer-Aided Drawing87

Review and Assignments91

Chapter 6 Theory of Shape Description98

6-1 Orthographic Representations98

Theory of Shape Description98

Orthographic Representations98

Methods of Representation99

CAD Coordinate Input for Orthographic Representation102

6-2 Arrangement and Construction of Views104

Spacing the Views104

Use of a Miter Line105

CAD106

6-3 All Surfaces Parallel and All Edges and Lines Visible106

6-4 Hidden Surfaces and Edges107

CAD108

6-5 Inclined Surfaces108

6-6 Circular Features109

Center Lines109

6-7 Oblique Surfaces110

6-8 One- and Two-View Drawings111

View Selection111

One-View Drawings111

Two-View Drawings111

6-9 Special Views111

Partial Views111

Rear Views and Enlarged Views112

6-10 Conventional Representation of Common Features113

Repetitive Details113

Repetitive Parts114

Square Sections114

6-11 Conventional Breaks114

6-12 Materials of Construction114

Transparent Materials115

6-13 Cylindrical Intersections115

6-14 Foreshortened Projection116

Holes Revolved to Show True Distance from Center116

6-15 Intersections of Unfinished Surfaces116

Computer-Aided Drawing118

Review and Assignments121

Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views and Revolutions148

7-1 Primary Auxiliary Views148

Dimensioning Auxiliary Views150

7-2 Circular Features in Auxiliary Projection151

7-3 Multi-Auxiliary-View Drawings152

7-4 Secondary Auxiliary Views153

7-5 Revolutions156

Reference Planes156

Revolutions156

The Rule of Revolution158

True Shape of an Oblique Surface Found by Successive Revolutions158

Auxiliary Views and Revolved Views159

True Length of a Line160

7-6 Locating Points and Lines in Space161

Points in Space161

Lines in Space161

True Length of an Oblique Line by Auxiliary View Projection162

Point on a Line162

Point-on-Point View of a Line164

7-7 Planes in Space164

Locating a Line in a Plane164

Locating a Point on a Plane165

Locating the Piercing Point of a Line and a Plane-Cutting-Plane Method165

Locating the Piercing Point of a Line and a Plane-Auxiliary View Method166

7-8 Establishing Visibility of Lines in Space168

Visibility of Oblique Lines by Testing168

Visibility of Lines and Surfaces by Testing169

Visibility of Lines and Surfaces by Observation169

7-9 Distances between Lines and Points170

Distance from a Point to a Line170

Shortest ODistance between Two Oblique Lines170

7-10 Edge and True View of Planes173

Planes in Combination174

7-11 Angles between Lines and Planes176

The Angle a Line Makes with a Plane176

Edge Lines of Two Planes177

Computer-Aided Drawing179

Review and Assignments181

Chapter 8 Basic Dimensioning195

8-1 Basic Dimensioning195

Dimensioning195

Units of Measurement199

Dual Dimensioning200

Angular Units200

Reading Direction201

Basic Rules for Dimensioning201

Symmetrical Outlines202

Reference Dimensions202

Not-to-Scale Dimensions202

Operational Names202

Abbreviations202

8-2 Dimensioning Circular Features203

Diameters203

Radii204

8-3 Dimensioning Common Features207

Repetitive Features and Dimensions207

Chamfers207

Slopes and Tapers208

Knurls209

Formed Parts209

Undercuts210

Limited Lengths and Areas210

Wire,Sheet Metal,and Drill Rod210

8-4 Dimensioning Methods210

Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning211

Polar Coordinate Dimensioning211

Chordal Dimensioning211

True-Position Dimensioning211

Chain Dimensioning211

Datum or Common-Point Dimensioning213

8-5 Limits and Tolerances213

Key Concepts214

Tolerancing215

Additional Rules for Dimensioning218

8-6 Fits and Allowances219

Fits219

Allowance219

Description of Fits220

Interchangeability of Parts220

Standard Inch Fits220

Basic Hole System222

Basic Shaft System223

Preferred Metric Limits and Fits223

8-7 Surface Texture226

Surface Texture Characteristics227

Surface Texture Symbol227

Application231

Machined Surfaces231

Computer-Aided Drawing234

Review and Assignments237

Chapter 9 Sections256

9-1 Sectional Views256

Cutting-Plane Lines256

Full Sections257

Section Lining258

9-2 Two or More Sectional Views on One Drawing259

9-3 Half-Sections260

9-4 Threads in Section261

Threaded Assemblies261

9-5 Assemblies in Section262

Section Lining on Assembly Drawings262

9-6 Offset Sections263

9-7 Ribs,Holes,and Lugs in Section265

Ribs in Sections265

Holes in Sections266

Lugs in Section266

9-8 Revolved and Removed Sections266

Placement of Sectional Views267

9-9 Spokes and Arms in Section268

9-10 Partial or Broken-Out Sections268

9-11 Phantom or Hidden Sections269

9-12 Sectional Drawing Review269

Computer-Aided Drawing270

Review and Assignments272

Part 2 Fasteners,Materials,and Forming Processes292

Chapter 10 Threaded Fasteners294

10-1 Simplified Thread Representation294

Screw Threads295

Thread Forms295

Thread Representation295

Right-and Left-Hand Threads296

Single and Multiple Threads296

Simplified Thread Representation297

Threaded Assemblies297

Inch Threads297

Metric Threads298

Pipe Threads300

10-2 Detailed and Schematic Thread Representation301

Detailed Thread Representation301

Schematic Thread Representation302

10-3 Common Threaded Fasteners303

Fastener Selection303

Fastener Definitions303

The Change to Metric Fasteners304

Fastener Configuration304

Property Classes of Fasteners305

Drawing a Bolt and Nut306

Studs307

Washers307

Terms Related to Threaded Fasteners308

Specifying Fasteners308

10-4 Special Fasteners309

Setscrews309

Keeping Fasteners Tight310

Locknuts310

Captive or Self-Retaining Nuts312

Inserts312

Sealing Fasteners312

10-5 Fasteners for Light-Gage Metal,Plastic,and Wood313

Tapping Screws313

Special Tapping Screws315

Computer-Aided Drawing317

Review and Assignments319

Chapter 11 Miscellaneous Types of Fasteners329

11-1 Keys,Splines,and Serrations329

Keys329

Splines and Serrations330

11-2 Pin Fasteners332

Semipermanent Pins333

Quick-Release Pins335

11-3 Retaining Rings336

Stamped Retaining Rings336

Wire-Formed Retaining Rings337

Spiral-Wound Retaining Rings337

11-4 Springs337

Types of Springs337

Spring Drawings339

Spring Clips339

11-5 Rivets341

Standard Rivets341

Large Rivets341

Rivets for Aerospace Equipment341

Small Rivets342

Blind Rivets345

11-6 Welded Fasteners347

Resistance-Welded Fasteners347

Arc-Welded Studs347

11-7 Adhesive Fastenings349

Adhesion versus Stress349

Joint Design350

11-8 Fastener Review for Chapters 10 and 11351

Review and Assignments352

Chapter 12 Manufacturing Materials365

12-1 Cast Irons and Ferrous Metals365

Ferrous Metals365

Cast Iron365

12-2 Carbon Steel367

Carbon and Low-Alloy Cast Steels367

High-Alloy Cast Steels367

Carbon Steels367

Steel Specification367

SAE and AISI-Systems of Steel Identification369

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels372

Low-and Medium-Alloy Steels372

Stainless Steels372

Free-Machining Steels372

12-3 Nonferrous Metals373

Manufacturing with Metals373

Aluminum373

Copper373

Nickel374

Magnesium374

Zinc374

Titanium374

Beryllium374

Refractory Metals375

Precious Metals375

12-4 Plastics375

Thermoplastics376

Thermosetting Plastics376

Machining376

Material Selection376

Forming Processes376

12-5 Rubber381

Material and Characteristics381

Kinds of Rubber381

Assembly Methods381

Design Considerations381

Review and Assignments383

Chapter 13 Forming Processes388

13-1 Metal Castings388

Forming Processes388

Casting Processes388

Selection of Process392

Design Considerations393

Drafting Practices395

Casting Datums397

Machining Datums398

13-2 Forgings399

Closed-Die Forging399

General Design Rules400

Drafting Practices402

13-3 Powder Metallurgy404

Design Considerations404

13-4 Plastic Molded Parts404

Single Parts404

Assemblies407

Drawings410

Review and Assignments411

Part 3 Working Drawings and Design420

Chapter 14 Detail and Assembly Drawings422

14-1 Drawing Quality Assurance422

Review Considerations422

Drawing Considerations423

Fabrication Considerations424

Installation Considerations424

14-2 Functional Drafting424

Procedural Shortcuts424

Reducing the Number of Drawings Required426

Simplified Representations in Drawings427

Reproduction Shortcuts427

Photodrawings427

14-3 Detail Drawings429

Detail Drawing Requirements429

Drawing Checklist429

Qualifications of a Detailer430

Manufacturing Methods431

14-4 Multiple Detail Drawings433

14-5 Drawing Revisions433

14-6 Assembly Drawings434

Design Assembly Drawings435

lnstallation Assembly Drawings435

Assembly Drawings for Catalogs435

Item List435

14-7 Exploded Assembly Drawings437

14-8 Detail Assembly Drawings437

14-9 Subassembly Drawings440

Computer-Aided Drawing441

Review and Assignments442

Chapter 15 Pictorial Drawings483

15-1 Pictorial Drawings483

Axonometric Projection483

Isometric Drawings486

Nonisometric Lines486

Dimensioning Isometric Drawings486

Isometric Sketching487

Basic Steps to Follow for Isometric Sketching(Fig.15-1-12)488

CAD488

15-2 Curved Surfaces in Isometric490

Circles and Arcs in Isometric490

Drawing Irregular Curves in Isometric490

CAD490

15-3 Common Features in Isometric491

Isometric Sectioning491

Fillets and Rounds493

Threads493

Break Lines493

Isometric Assembly Drawings493

15-4 Oblique Projection493

Inclined Surfaces494

Oblique Sketching494

Basic Steps to Follow for Oblique Sketching(Fig.15-4-7)496

Dimensioning Oblique Drawings496

CAD496

15-5 Common Features in Oblique497

Circles and Arcs497

Oblique Sectioning498

Treatment of Conventional Features498

CAD499

15-6 Parallel,or One-Point,Perspective501

Perspective Projection501

Types of Perspective Drawings502

Parallel,or One-Point,Perspective502

Basic Steps to Follow for Parallel Perspective Sketching(Fig.15-6-9)503

15-7 Angular,or Two-Point,Perspective506

Angular-Perspective Sketching507

Basic Steps to Follow for Angular-Perspective Sketching(Fig.15-7-10)510

CAD510

15-8 Solid Modeling511

Wire-Frame Modeling512

Surface Modeling512

Solid Modeling512

Image Generation514

Data Extraction514

Computer-Aided Drawing517

Review and Assignments521

Chapter 16 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing540

16-1 Modern Engineering Tolerancing540

Basic Concepts541

Size of Dimensions541

Interpretation of Drawings and Dimensions543

Assumed Datums543

16-2 Geometric Tolerancing547

Feature Control Frame547

Placement of Feature Control Frame547

Form Tolerances548

Straightness549

16-3 Flatness552

Flatness of a Surface552

Flatness per Unit Area552

Two or More Flat Surfaces in One Plane552

16-4 Straightness of a Feature of Size553

Features of Size553

Material Condition Symbols(Modifiers)554

Applicability of RFS,MMC,and LMC555

Straightness of a Feature of Size557

16-5 Datums and the Three-Plane Concept559

Datums559

Datums for Geometric Tolerancing559

Three-Plane System561

Identification of Datums562

16-6 Orientation Tolerancing of Flat Surfaces565

Reference to a Datum565

Angularity Tolerance565

Perpendicularity Tolerance565

Parallelism Tolerance565

Examples of Orientation Tolerancing565

Control in Two Directions566

16-7 Datum Features Subject to Size Variation567

Parts with Cylindrical Datum Features567

RFS and MMC Applications568

16-8 Orientation Tolerancing for Features of Size572

Angularity Tolerance572

Parallelism Tolerance573

Perpendicularity Tolerance573

Controlin Two Directions573

Control on an MMC Basis573

Internal Cylindrical Features575

External Cylindrical Features578

16-9 Positional Tolerancing579

Tolerancing Methods579

Coordinate Tolerancing580

Positional Tolerancing583

16-10 Projected Tolerance Zone589

16-11 Datum Targets591

Datum Target Symbol592

Identification Targets592

Targets Not in the Same Plane593

Partial Surfaces as Datums595

Dimensioning for Target Location595

16-12 Circularity and Cylindricity595

Circularity595

Cylindricity597

16-13 Profile Tolerancing599

Profiles599

Profile Symbols599

Profile-of-a-Line Tolerance599

Profile-of-a-Surface Tolerance602

16-14 Correlative Tolerances604

Coplanarity604

Concentricity605

Coaxiality606

Symmetry607

Runout609

16-15 Positional Tolerancing for Noncylindrical Features610

Noncircular Features at MMC610

16-16 Positional Tolerancing for Multiple Patterns of Features614

Composite Positional Tolerancing614

16-17 Formulas for Positional Tolerancing621

Floating Fasteners621

Calculating Clearance622

Fixed Fasteners622

Unequal Tolerances and Hole Sizes624

Coaxial Features624

Perpendicularity Errors625

16-18 Summary of Rules for Geometric Tolerancing625

When to Use Geometric Tolerancing625

Basic Rules625

Computer-Aided Drawing628

Review and Assignments629