A LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMERGING BUSINESS MODELS【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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1. Introduction1

1.1 New organizational forms- the business reality1

1.2 Dynamic networks3

1.3 Types of dynamic networks5

1.3.1 Spontaneous and temporary virtual enterprises5

1.3.2 Enterprise pools and virtual enterprises formed out of such pools6

1.3.3 Long-term dynamic networks with a lead partner8

1.4 Background: trends of organizational evolution9

1.5 Aim, orientation and outline of this book13

1.5.1 Hybrids, collaborative contracts and more17

1.6 Methodological considerations21

1.7 Terminology23

1.7.1 Classical contract23

1.7.2 Collaborative network, cluster and enterprise pool24

1.7.3 Virtual organization, virtual enterprise26

1.7.4 Difference from supply chains33

1.7.5 Distinguished from joint ventures, alliances, consortia and partnering34

2. Case studies39

2.1 Introduction39

2.2 Switzerland42

2.2.1 Virtuelle Fabrik42

2.2.2 VirtuellBau46

2.3 Austria50

2.3.1 The Plastics Cluster50

2.3.2 Team Sante51

2.4 Germany52

2.4.1 KITD Network (South-West Saxony)53

2.4.2 Silicon Saxony56

2.4.3 AMZ network: Saxony automotive supplier network58

2.4.4 ICM network59

2.5 Italy60

2.5.1 Prato textile district60

2.5.2 Promosedia65

2.6 England67

2.6.1 Square 5 Ltd67

2.7 Norway69

2.7.1 The Arena programme- SIVA Norway69

2.7.2 Enterprise pools in Norway70

2.8 The broker: Elance71

3. The precontractual stage74

3.1 Introduction74

3.2 Different precontractual phases74

3.3 The role of enterprise pools75

3.3.1 Introduction75

3.3.2 The notion of trust77

3.3.3 Providing a framework for trust and cooperation81

3.3.4 Legal structures used to set up enterprise pools and clusters84

3.3.5 Function of the legal relationship between enterprise pool members91

3.4 The creation of a virtual enterprise: the negotiation phase92

3.4.1 Introduction92

3.4.2 Types of preliminary documents and agreements95

3.4.2.1 Introduction95

3.4.2.2 Letters of intent95

3.4.2.3 Preliminary agreements100

3.4.3 Legal concerns at the precontractual stage103

3.4.3.1 Introduction103

3.4.3.2 Exclusive cooperation/non-competition103

3.4.3.3 Confidentiality105

3.4.3.4 Costs and private international law issues108

3.4.4 Is there a duty to negotiate in good faith?109

3.4.4.1 Introduction109

3.4.4.2 The principle of good faith110

3.4.4.3 Culpa in contrahendo and precontractual liability115

3.4.5 Synthesis on good faith negotiations: three categories of behaviour121

3.4.5.1 Introduction121

3.4.5.2 Duty to inform121

3.4.5.3 Sudden and unjustified rupture of negotiations128

3.4.5.4 No real intention to contract136

3.4.6 Conclusion on good faith and fair dealing137

3.4.7 Importance of good faith and fair dealing for dynamic networks141

3.5 Negotiations between the virtual enterprise and the client145

3.6 Long-term dynamic network with a lead partner:precontractual stage146

4. Post formation of a virtual enterprise: contractual issues148

4.1 Introduction148

4.2 The role of contract149

4.3 The effect of contracts156

4.4 Why do contracts have the binding force of law?159

4.5 Theories of contract law162

4.5.1 The classical theory of contract162

4.5.2 Neoclassical contract law165

4.5.3 The relational theory of contract167

4.6 Utility of the contract theories in interpreting contracts172

4.7 Doctrinal unrest in modem contract theory175

4.8 Synthesis: applicability of the contract theories to dynamic networked organizations179

5. Internal relationship between the parties during performance: good faith as a behavioural criterion186

5.1 Introduction186

5.2 Virtual enterprises formed out of enterprise pools187

5.2.1 Introduction187

5.2.2 Nexus of contracts188

5.2.3 Mixture of corporate form and contract193

5.2.4 Franchise agreement used together with other legal mechanisms194

5.2.5 Why have these legal mechanisms been chosen?195

5.3 Long-term dynamic networks with a lead partner197

5.4 Nature of the relationship199

5.4.1 Introduction199

5.4.2 Good faith in the performance of collaborative contracts199

5.4.2.1 Good faith distinguished from the notion of abuse of rights203

5.4.2.2 Duty to cooperate205

5.4.2.3 Duty to provide information/duty to disclose207

5.4.2.4 Non-misuse of confidential information210

5.4.2.5 Non-competition212

5.4.2.6 Contractual provision v general law principles218

5.4.3 Good faith in common law jurisdictions218

5.4.4 Is there a fiduciary relationship?224

5.4.5 Fiduciary duties229

5.4.6 Fiduciary duties in dynamic networks238

5.5 Finalobservations241

6. Partnership law issues244

6.1 Introduction244

6.2 Influence of overriding national partnership law rules247

6.2.1 Introduction247

6.2.2 Formal registration not essential for creation247

6.2.3 The intention of the parties is not conclusive257

6.2.4 Are all collaborative ventures a partnership then?259

6.2.5 Enterprise pools and virtual enterprises under partnership law264

6.3 Consequences thereof: liability, fiduciary relationship,termination268

6.3.1 Introduction268

6.3.2 Liability269

6.3.3 Relationship between the partners - fiduciary relationship275

6.3.4 Limitations with regard to the expulsion, withdrawal or admittance of new partners, and termination of the partnership278

6.4 Conclusion284

7. Contractual networks285

7.1 Introduction285

7.2 Results from the case studies analysis on virtual enterprises286

7.3 Networks of contracts in long-term dynamic networks with a lead partner288

7.4 Contractual networks289

7.5 Forms of contractual networks290

7.5.1 Enterprise contracts, model contracts and framework agreements293

7.6 The nature of contractual networks296

7.6.1 Introduction296

7.6.2 New institutional economics on hybrids: Oliver Williamson297

7.6.3 Networks as a unitas multiplex298

7.6.4 Hybrids: between or beyond markets and organization? 301

7.7 Privity of contract303

7.8 Connected contracts310

7.8.1 Introduction310

7.8.2 Usefulness in light of traditional contract law313

7.8.3 Usefulness in light of partnership and company law316

7.9 Behaviour of individual firms towards each other317

7.9.1 Introduction317

7.9.2 Duties of loyalty and limited fiduciary duties in networks318

7.9.3 Concluding remarks on loyalty and fiduciary duties326

7.10 Conclusions and findings327

8. Conclusion330

8.1 Main objectives of the book330

8.2 Main findings331

8.3 Final words: a full circle?334

Bibliography336

Books, journal articles and papers336

Other documents350

European Union projects351

Index353