Differential Diagnosis The Interpretation of Clinical Evidence【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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INTRODUCTION1

Ⅰ．Definition of Diagnosis1

Ⅱ．Approach to Diagnosis of Disease4

Ⅲ．Procedures Involved in Diagnosis7

REFERENCES15

Chapter 1 AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY17

Rheumatic Aortic Insufficiency18

Syphilitic Aortic Insufficiency20

Bacterial Aortic Insufficiency21

Calcific Aortic Stenosis and Insufficiency22

Congenital Defects with Aortic Insufficiency22

Arteriosclerotic Aortic Insufficiency23

Relative Aortic Insufficiency23

Traumatic Aortic Insufficiency24

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES25

Ⅰ．Aortic Insufficiency Due to Syphilis25

Ⅱ．Healed Dissecting Aneurysm33

Ⅲ．Bacterial Endocarditis38

REFERENCES42

Chapter 2 HEART FAILURE43

Congestive Heart Failure43

Failure Associated with Valvular Defects45

Failure Associated with Arterial Hypertension49

Failure Associated with Hypertension in the Pulmonary Circulation50

Failure Associated with Pericarditis51

Failure Associated with Congenital Defects51

Failure Due to Disease of the Myocardium52

Failure Associated with Miscellaneous Rare Conditions53

Tumors of the Heart53

Deformities of the Thorax54

Trauma56

Constrictive Endocarditis56

Peripheral Circulatory Failure in Patients with and without Heart Disease56

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES60

Ⅰ．Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease60

Ⅱ．Pheochromocytoma65

Ⅲ．Pulmonary Embolism69

Ⅳ．Fibrinous Pericarditis;Tuberculosis of the Adrenals76

Ⅴ．Syphilitic Myocarditis82

Ⅵ．Rheumatic Fever with Acute Myocarditis87

Ⅶ．Sulfonamide Reaction with Focal Myocarditis;Myocardial Infarction91

Ⅷ．Amyloidosis with Infiltration of the Myocardium95

Ⅸ．Sarcoidosis99

Ⅹ．Myxoma of the Left Auricle105

Ⅺ．Ruptured Syphilitic Aneurysm of the Aorta110

REFERENCES115

Chapter 3 PAIN IN THE CHEST117

Pain Originating in the Tissues of the Neck or Chest Wall119

Pain Originating in the Heart121

Relative Myocardial Ischemia121

Absolute Myocardial Ischemia121

Pericarditis125

Pain Originating in Other Intrathoracic Structures126

Pain Referred from Subdiaphragmatic Structures128

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES130

Ⅰ．Dissecting Aneurysm130

Ⅱ．Syphilitic Aneurysm of the Aorta134

Ⅲ．Strangulated Diaphragmatic Hernia of the Stomach139

REFERENCES141

Chapter 4 SUDDEN DEATH143

ILLUSTRATIVE CASE146

Ⅰ．Dissecting Aneurysm with Rupture into Pericardium146

REFERENCES150

Chapter 5 FAILURE OF URINARY EXCRETION151

Acute Failure of Urinary Excretion153

Chronic Failure of Urinary Excretion157

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES161

Ⅰ．Acute Tubular Necrosis161

Ⅱ．Periarteritis Nodosa;Glomerulonephritis168

Ⅲ．Arteriosclerotic and Arteriolosclerotic Nephritis172

Ⅳ．Congenital Polycystic Kidneys177

REFERENCES180

Chapter 6 HEMATEMESIS AND MELENA181

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES186

Ⅰ．Chronic Duodenal Ulcer186

Ⅱ．Ulcer and Carcinoma of the Stomach191

Ⅲ．Diverticula of the Colon195

REFERENCES198

Chapter 7 JAUNDICE199

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES207

Ⅰ．Fatty Infiltration of the Liver207

Ⅱ．Biliary Calculi;Portal Cirrhosis211

Ⅲ．Subacute Necrosis of the Liver217

Ⅳ．Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater221

Ⅴ．Chronic Calcareous Pancreatitis226

Ⅵ．Duodenal Diverticulum230

REFERENCES235

Chapter 8 HEPATOMEGALY AND ASCITES237

Hepatomegaly237

Ascites241

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES247

Ⅰ．Hemochromatosis247

Ⅱ．Nodular Cirrhosis of the Liver;Acute Pancreatitis255

Ⅲ．Syphilis of the Liver259

Ⅳ．Amebic Abscess of the Liver263

Ⅴ．Primary Carcinoma of the Liver;Liver Necrosis268

REFERENCES271

Chapter 9 LYMPHADENOPATHY AND SPLENOMEGALY273

Lymphadenopathy273

Splenomegaly276

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES279

Ⅰ．Lymphosarcoma279

Ⅱ．Non-pigmented Melanoma or Monocytoma285

REFERENCES288

Chapter 10 FEVER OF OBSCURE ORIGIN291

Bacteremia293

Localized Infections with or without Abscess Formation294

Specific Infections295

Toxic and Allergenic Agents296

Diseases of the Blood-Forming Organs and Lymph Nodes297

Malignant Tumors298

Mesenchymal or Collagen Disease298

Chills299

Comments on Diagnostic Methods300

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES302

Ⅰ．Appendicitis;Pylephlebitis with Liver Abscesses302

Ⅱ．Bacterial Endocarditis307

Ⅲ．Periarteritis Nodosa;Glomerulonephritis;Hypersensitive Pneumonitis312

Ⅳ．Lymphosarcoma317

Ⅴ．Primary Carcinoma of the Gallbladder322

REFERENCES326

Chapter 11 DISEASES INVOLVING THE LUNGS OR MEDIASTINUM327

Pneumonitis327

Pulmonary Suppuration with Abscess Formation334

Mediastinal Tumors336

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES342

Ⅰ．Tularemia342

Ⅱ．Virus Pneumonia Due to Influenza A346

Ⅲ．Lobar Pneumonia350

Ⅳ．Actinomycosis355

Ⅴ．Carcinoma of the Lung360

Ⅵ．Carcinoma in the Anterior Mediastinum364

REFERENCES367

Chapter 12 MENINGITIS369

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES374

Ⅰ．Meningitis(Torula Infection)374

Ⅱ．Tuberculous Meningitis378

Ⅲ．Lymphosarcoma381

REFERENCES384

Chapter 13 SPECIAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS,INCLUDING THE DIAGNOSIS OF CERTAIN RARE DISEASES387

Tumors and Granulomatous Diseases390

Infections400

Endocrine,Metabolic,and Nutritional Disturbances406

Connective Tissue Diseases410

Congenital Defects413

ILLUSTRATIVE CASES414

Ⅰ．Rheumatic Mitral and Tricuspid Disease;Pedunculated Thrombus in the Left Auricle414

Ⅱ．Pancreatic Adenoma419

Ⅲ．Pheochromocytoma;Resolving Pneumonia426

Ⅳ．Multiple Myeloma431

Ⅴ．Diabetes Insipidus;Eosinophilic Granuloma436

Ⅵ．Lymphosarcoma443

Ⅶ．Lymphosarcoma448

Ⅷ．Infected Abortion455

Ⅸ．Chronic Calcareous Pancreatitis459

Ⅹ．Appendicitis with Rupture and Local Abscess Formation464

Ⅺ．Amebic Dysentery with Intestinal Ulceration;Liver Abscesses;Encapsulated Empyema469

Ⅻ．Vertebral Tuberculosis with Compression of the Spinal Cord473

ⅩⅢ．Actinomycosis480

ⅩⅣ．Pulmonary and Generalized Miliary Tuberculosis485

ⅩⅤ．Acute Pneumococcal Endocarditis490

ⅩⅥ．Acute Bacterial Endocarditis,Right Side of Heart494

ⅩⅦ．Hyperthyroidism499

ⅩⅧ．Intestinal Lipodystrophy503

ⅩⅨ．Addisons Disease Due to Adrenal Tuberculosis509

ⅩⅩ．Primary Amyloidosis515

ⅩⅪ．Tuberculous Enteritis with Jejunal Stricture521

ⅩⅫ．Inadvertent Gastroileostomy526

ⅩⅩⅢ．Necrosis of Anterior Hypophysis Due to Multiple Abscesses532

ⅩⅩⅣ．Systemic Lupus Erythematosus539

ⅩⅩⅤ．Systemic Lupus Erythematosus;Glomerulonephritis;Rheumatic Valvulitis544

ⅩⅩⅥ．Periarteritis Nodosa549

ⅩⅩⅦ．Bronchiectasis;Allergic Reaction to Sulfonamide556

REFERENCES562

Chapter 14 UNKNOWN CASES FOR STUDY567

CASE HISTORIES568

Ⅰ．Aortic Insufficiency568

Ⅱ．Partial Intestinal Obstruction570

Ⅲ．Fever,Purpura and Anemia571

Ⅳ．Skeletal Pain and Hypercalcemia573

Ⅴ．Hypertension and Renal Failure575

Ⅵ．Scleroderma and Encephalopathy577

Ⅶ．Dyspnea,Cyanosis and Clubbing of Digits580

Ⅷ．Massive Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage582

Ⅸ．Heart Failure and Sudden Death583

Ⅹ．Renal Failure without Hypertension585

Ⅺ．Skeletal Pain and Hyperglobulinemia587

DISCUSSIONS AND ANATOMICAL FINDINGS OF FOREGOING CASES590

Ⅰ．590

Ⅱ．593

Ⅲ．596

Ⅳ．600

Ⅴ．603

Ⅵ．609

Ⅶ．614

Ⅷ．617

Ⅸ．620

Ⅹ．623

Ⅺ．626

LABORATORY VALUES OF CLINICAL IMPORTANCE(ADULT)631

SPECIAL INDEX OF SYMPTOMS,SIGNS,AND LABORATORY FINDINGS635

GENERAL INDEX641