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CONTENTS1

1 Magnesium Metablism and the Vital Roles in Life Processes1

1.1Distribution of Magnesium1

第一部分 概论1

PartⅠ:General Introduction1

1 镁的正常代谢及在生命过程中的重要作用1

1.1 镁的分布1

1.2Modulation of Magnesium Balance2

1.2 镁平衡的调节2

1.3 镁的生理生化4

1.3Physiological and Biological ASPECTS OF MAGNESIUM4

2 低镁血症7

2.1 Etiology of Magnesium Deficiency7

2.1 镁缺乏的病因7

2 Hypomagnesemia7

2.3 缺镁的临床表现9

2.2 Pathology of Magnesium Deficiency9

2.3 Clinical Manifestation of Magnesium Deficiency9

2.2 缺镁的病理改变9

2.4 缺镁的诊断10

2.4 Diagnosis of Magnesium Deficiency10

3.1 病因12

3 高镁血症12

3.1 Etiology12

3 Hypermagnesemia12

3.2 Clinical Manifestation of Hypermagnesemia13

3.3 高镁血症的诊断13

3.4 高镁血症的治疗13

3.2高镁血症的临床表现13

3.3 Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypermagnesemia13

PartⅡ:Magnesium and Clinical Diseases14

4 Magnesium and Cardiac Arrhythmias14

4.1 Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmia due to Magnesium Deficiency14

第二部分 镁与临床疾病14

4.1 缺镁引起心律失常的机理14

4 镁与心律失常14

4.2 ECG and Electrophysiologic Effects of Hypo and HyperMagnesemia15

4.2 低镁、高镁的心电图及电生理效应15

4.3.1 Magnesium Deficiency and Digitalis Intoxication17

4.3.1缺镁与洋地黄中毒性心律失常17

4.3 镁的抗心律失常作用17

4.3 The Antiarrhythmic Role of Magnesium17

4.3.2镁剂在抢救心脏急症中的重要作用20

4.3.2 The Impotance Role of Magnesium in Cadiac Emergency20

4.3.3 Treatment of Torsade de Pointes With Magnesium Sulfate21

4.3.3镁剂治疗尖端扭转型室速21

4.3.4 Clinical Effects of Magnesium in the treatmennt of Supraventricular Tachyarrbythmia22

4.3.4 镁剂治疗室上性快速心律失常22

4.4 镁抗心律失常的机理23

4.4 Mechanism of Antiarrhythmic action of Magesium23

4.5 Clinical Applications of Magnesium Treatment in Arrhythmias24

4.5 镁剂治疗心律失常的适应症及方法24

5.3 补镁对心肌收缩性的影响25

5 镁与心力衰竭25

5.2 Magnesium Deficiency Exacerbates Severe Heart Failure25

5.4 Correlation of Magnesium and sudden Death of the patient withHeart Failure25

5.3 Effect of Myocardial Contractility of Magnesium Supplement25

5.1 Magnesium Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure25

5 Magnesium and Heart Failure25

5.4 镁与充血性心力衰竭患者猝死的关系25

5.2 缺镁加重心力衰竭25

5.1 慢性充血性心力衰竭患者镁缺乏25

5.4.1 低镁与心力衰竭患者室性心律失常和猝死26

5.4.2 镁在预防心力衰竭者猝死中的地位26

5.4.1 Magnesium Deficiency and Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudcen Death in Patient with Heart Failu26

5.4.2 Importance of Magnesium in the Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients with Heart Failure26

6.1 缺镁在冠心病病因学中的影响28

6 Magnesium and Coronary Hart Disease28

6.1 Effcct of Magnesum Defuciency in the Etiology of CHD28

6.1.1 Epedemiological Studies.28

6.1.2 Magnesium Deficiency and Atherosclerosis.28

6.1.1 流行病学研究资料28

6.1.2 缺镁对动脉硬化形成的影响28

6 镁与冠心病28

6.1.3缺镁与冠状动脉痉挛29

6.1.3 Magnesium and Coronary Spasm.29

6.3Experimental Study of Magnesiumm in the Prevention of Magnesium30

6.3.1Protection Against Acute Experimental Mycardial Ischemia with Magnesium30

6.2Correlation of Magnesium and Myocardial Ischemia30

6.2 心肌缺血与镁的关系30

6.3 镁防治心肌缺血的实验研究30

6.3.1 镁对急性实验性心肌缺血的保护作用30

6.4 镁与急性心肌梗塞31

6.4Magnesium and Acute Myocardial Infarction31

6.3.2Protection Against Mycardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Magnesium31

6.3.2 镁对心肌缺血一再灌注损伤的保护作用31

6.4.1 急性心肌梗塞患者镁、钾与严重心律失常32

6.4.2 镁缺乏易导致梗塞的机理32

6.4.2Mechanism of Magnesium Deficiency in Myocardial Infarction32

6.4.1Abnormality of Magnesium and Potassium and Severe Carrdiac Arrrhythmias in Patients with AMI32

6.4.3 镁剂治疗急性心肌梗塞的临床研究33

6.4.3Clinical Study of Magnesium Therapy for AMI33

6.5 镁剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床效应34

6.4.4 镁剂治疗及减少急性心肌梗塞病死率的机理34

6.4.5 镁剂治疗急性心肌梗塞的方法及剂量34

6.4.4Mechanism of Magnesium Therapy in Lowering the Case Fatality Rate of AMI34

6.4.5 Methods and dosage of Magnesium Therapy in AMI34

6.5Clinic Effects of Magnesium treatment in Patients with Angina Pectoris34

6.6The Effects of Magnesium on Restenosis After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty35

6.6镁对经皮冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)后再狭窄的效应35

6.7.2 Myocardial Magnesium Deficiency and IHD Sudden Death36

6.7.4 镁与应激36

6.7.1 Magnesium Deficiency as Onc of the Important Factors of Ventricular Fibrillation36

6.7.3 Magnesium Deficiency Resulting in Coronary Spasm36

6.7.4 Magnesium and Stress36

6.7.3 缺镁可引起冠状动脉痉挛36

6.7.2 心肌镁缺乏与冠心病猝死36

6.7Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiac Sudden Death36

6.7.1 心肌缺镁是造成心室纤颤的重要因素之一36

6.7镁缺乏与心脏性猝死36

6.7.5 镁对缺血心肌的保护作用37

6.7.5 Protection of Magnesium Against Myocardial Ischemia37

7.1.2 Epidemiological Study of Magnesium and Hypertension39

7.1.1 Magnesium Modulating the Intra-and ExtracelluIar Sodium and Calcium Transport39

7.1 Association of Magnesium Deficiency and the Etiology of Hypertension39

7 Magnesium and Hypertension39

7.1.2 镁与血压关系的流行病学研究39

7.1.1 镁调节细胞内外钠、钙运转39

7.1 镁缺乏与高血压发病因素的关系39

7 镁与高血压39

7.2.2 Magnesium Concentration in Experimental Hyperrension40

7.2.2 实验主血压水平检查分析40

7.2高血压与镁代谢异常40

7.2.1 高血压患者镁水平与血压的关系40

7.2.1 Relationship between Magnesium level and Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension40

7.2 Hypertension and Magnesium Metabolic Abnormality40

7.3.2 镁影响血压的动物实验41

7.3.1 Clinical Effect of Magnesium in Lowering the Blood Pressure41

7.3Magensium in the treatment of Hypertension41

7.3.2 Animal Experimental Study of Magnesium on Blood Presssure41

7.3.1 镁降压的临床效应41

7.3 镁剂治疗高血压41

7.3.3 Clinical Significance of Oral Magnesium Treatment in Essential Hypertension42

7.3.3 口服镁剂治疗高血压临床意义42

8.1 Magnesium and Peripartal Cardiomyopatay and Toxemias in Pregnancy43

8.2 Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy and Magnesium Deficiency43

8 Magnesium and Cardiomyopathy43

8 镁与心肌病43

8.1 镁与围产期心肌病43

8.2 酒精性心肌病与缺镁43

8.4 克山病与镁缺乏44

8.3 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Magnesium Deficiency44

8.3 糖尿病性心肌病与缺镁44

8.4 KeShan Diseae and Magnesium Deficiency44

8.5 Infantile Cardiomyopathy and Magnesium Deficiency45

8.5 婴幼儿心肌病与缺镁45

9.3心脏外科镁异常的病理生理学51

9.1 Magnesium and Physiology relating to Cardiac Surgery51

9.2心脏外科的镁代谢异常的原因51

9.1镁与心脏外科有关的生理学51

9 Magnesium and Clinical Cardiac Surgery51

9 镁与临床心血管外科51

9.2 The Cause of Abnormal Magnesium Metabolism in Cardiac Surgery51

9.3 Pathophysiology of Abnormal Magnesium Metabolism in Cardiac Surgery51

9.4临床心脏外科的围术期处理与镁治疗52

9.4 Peri-operative Managment and Magnesium Therapy in Clinical Cardiac Surgery52

9.6 The Management of Hypermagnesemia53

9.5镁的补充方法53

9.5 The Method of Magnesium Supplementation53

9.6高镁血症的处理53

10.2影响肾脏镁转运的因素55

10.1.3 Terminal Nephrone Segments55

10.1.2 Loop of Henle55

10.1.1 Glomerular Filtration and Proximal Tubular Absorptionn55

10.1Normal Transportation of Magnesium in Kidney55

10 Magnesium and Kidney55

10.1.1肾小球滤过和近端小管吸收55

10.1.2亨利氏袢55

10.1.3末端肾单位55

10.2Factors Affecting Renal Magnesium Transportation55

10.1镁在肾脏正常转运55

10镁与肾脏55

10.2.2各种激素对肾脏镁重吸收影响56

10.2.1非激素原因56

10.2.2 Various Hormones Affecting Magnesium Reabsorption in the Kidney56

10.2.1 Nonhormonal Factors56

10.3.1.1 先天性或家族性肾镁损耗57

10.3.1 肾镁损耗导致的低镁血症57

10.3肾脏镁异常调节57

10.3Abnormal Renal Magnesium Regulation57

10.3.1Hypomagnesemia due to Renal Magnesium Wasting57

10.3.1.1Congenital or Familial Renal Magnesium Wasting57

10.3.1.2Other Endocrine Disorders58

10.3.1.3Drugs Related to Renal Magnesium Wasting58

10.3.1.2 其它内分泌紊乱58

10.3.1.3与药物有关的肾镁损耗58

10.3.2Hypermagnesemia due to Renal Magnesium Retention59

10.3.2肾镁潴留导致的高镁血症59

10.4Magnesium and Kidney Disease60

10.4 镁与肾脏疾病60

11.1.2 生长激素与镁61

11.1.1 抗利尿激素与镁61

11 镁与内分泌疾病61

11.1 内分泌激素与镁61

11.1.3 甲状腺激素与镁61

11 Magnesium and Endocrine Disease61

11.1 Hormones and Magnesium61

11.1.1 Antiduiretic Hormone and Magnesium61

11.1.2 Grouth Hormone and Magnesium61

11.1.3 Thyroid Hormone and Magnesium61

11.1.4 Parathyroid Hormone and Magnesium61

11.1.4 甲状旁腺激素与镁61

11.2镁与维生素D·钙·磷和骨62

11.1.7 垂体激素与镁62

11.1.6 肾上腺糖皮质激素与镁62

11.1.5 醛固酮与镁62

11.2.1 维生素D·钙和磷对镁平衡的影响62

11.2.1 The Effects of Vitamin D,Calcium and Phosphorus on Magnesium Balance62

11.2 Magnesium and Metabolism of Vitamin D, Calcium,Phosphorus and Bone62

11.1.7 Pituitary Hormone and Magnesium62

11.1.6 Corticosteroids and Magnesium62

11.1.5 Aldosterone and Magnesium62

11.2.3 补镁对维生素D·钙·磷代谢的影响63

11.2.2 低镁血症与伴发的低钙血症63

11.2.2 Hypomagnesemia and Associated Hypocalcemia63

11.2.3 The Effects of Magnesium Supplement on Metabolism of Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphorus63

11.2.4 镁与骨代谢64

11.2.4.2 镁与骨质疏松64

11.2.4.1镁缺乏对骨代谢不利64

11.2.4.1 Magnesium Insufficiency and Bone Metabolism64

11.2.4.2 Magnesium and Osteoporosis64

11.2.4 Magnesium and Bone Metabolism64

11.3.1 镁对胰岛素和血糖的影响65

11.3Magnesium and Diabetes Mellitus65

11.3.1 The Effects of Magnesium on Insulin and Glucose65

11.3.2 Magnesium Abnormality in Diabetes Mellitus65

11.3 镁与糖尿病65

11.3.2 糖尿病时镁的变化65

11.3.3 Magnesium and Diabetic Complications66

11.3.3 镁与糖尿病并发症的关系66

11.3.4 The Usage of Magnesium in the Treattment of Diabetes Mellitus68

11.3.4 镁在糖尿病治疗中的应用68

12.1 Magnesium and Inflammatory Bowel Disease70

12 Magnesium and Gastro-intestinal Diseases70

12 镁与消化系统疾病70

12.1镁与炎性肠病70

12.3 Magnesium and Pancreatitis72

12.3镁与胰腺炎72

12.2 Magnesium and Chronic Liver Disease72

12.2镁与慢性肝病72

12.4 Magnesium and Peptic Ulcer73

12.5 Magnesium and Diarrhea73

12.4镁与消化性溃疡73

12.5镁与腹泻73

12.6镁在消化系统疾病中的临床应用74

12.6 Clinical Application of Magnesium in Gastro-intestinal Diseases74

13 Magnesium and Respiratory Diseases76

13.1 Role of Magnesium in Regulation of Bronchial Tone76

13 镁与呼吸系统疾病76

13.1镁在调节支气管张力中的作用76

13.2 Effect of Magnesium in Pulmonary Circulation77

13.2镁对肺循环的影响77

13.3 Role of Magnesium in Hypersensitive reaction79

13.3镁在过敏反应中的作用79

13.5.1 镁剂治疗支气管哮喘80

13.5 镁在呼吸系统疾病中的临床应用80

13.4 镁对呼吸肌及呼吸功能的影响80

13.5.1 Effect of Magnesium Treatment in Bbronchial Asthma80

13.5 Clinical Application of Magnesium in Respiratory Diseases80

13.4 Effect of Magnesium in Respiratory Muscle and Respiratory Function80

13.5.2 Magnesium and Chronic Obstractive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Cor Pulmonale81

13.5.2 镁与慢性阻塞性肺疾病及慢性肺心病81

14.1 Acute Hypomagnesemia Syndrome83

14.1急性低血镁综合征83

14 Magnesium and Diseases of Nervous System83

14 镁与神经系统疾病83

14.2 Magnesium and Neuromuscular Functional Disorders84

14.2镁与神经肌肉功能障碍84

14.3镁与发作性疾病84

14.3 Magnesium and Episodic Disorders84

14.4镁与偏头痛85

14.5 Magnesium and Extrapyramidal Diseases85

14.4 Magnesium and Migraine85

14.5镁与锥体外系统疾病85

14.6镁与脑血管病86

14.6 Magnesium and Cerebrovascular Diseases86

14.7 Other Neurological Diseases87

14.7.1 Magnesium and Multiple Sclerosis87

14.7.3 Magnesium and Motor Neurone Diseases87

14.7.2 Magnesium Dificiency and Dementia87

14.7.4 Magnesium and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome87

14.7镁与其它神经系统疾病87

14.7.6 Magnesium and Meningeal Tumor87

14.7.6 镁与脑膜瘤87

14.7.5 镁与酒精戒断综合征87

14.7.5 Magnesium and Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome87

14.7.4 镁与慢性疲乏综合征87

14.7.3 镁缺乏与运动神经元病87

14.7.2 镁缺乏与痴呆87

14.7.1 镁与多发性硬化87

15.2 正常妊娠镁含量及其平衡90

15 镁与妊娠90

15.1 正常成人的镁含量及其作用90

15.2Magnesium Serum Level in Normal Pregnancy and Its Balance90

15.1Magnesium Serum Level in Normal Adult Women and Its Role90

15Magnesium and Pregnency90

15.3Magnesium Serum Level of Perinatal Status91

15.4.1.1Possible Role Contribution of Magnesium Deficiency in Pregnancy-induced Hypertension91

15.3 围产儿血镁状况91

15.4异常妊娠的血镁含量及治疗91

15.4.1 重度妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)91

15.4.1.1镁不足可能导致妊高征91

15.4.1Severe pregnancy-induced Hypertension91

15.4Magnesium Serum Levels in Abnormal Pregnancy and Management91

15.4.1.3Mechanism of Treatment of Magnesium Sulfate of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension92

15.4.1.2Metabolic Disorder of Magnesium-related Substances and pregnancy-induced Hypertension92

15.4.1.3 硫酸镁治疗妊高征的机理92

15.4.1.2 镁相关物质代谢障碍与妊高征92

15.4.2 早产儿镁缺乏与治疗93

15.4.2 Preterm Labor:Magnesium Deficiency and Treatment93

15.4.1.4Approaches and Dosage of Treatment of Magnesium Sulfate on Severe pregnancy-induced Hyperte93

15.4.1.4 硫酸镁治疗重度妊高征的剂量及给药途径93

15.4.4 Use of Magnesium Sulfate in Intrauterine Resuscitation94

15.4.3 前置胎盘期待疗法与镁94

15.4.6 Other High Risk Pregnancy and Magnesium94

15.4.6 其它高危妊娠与镁94

15.4.5 妊娠合并糖尿病与镁94

15.4.4 硫酸镁用于胎儿宫内复苏94

15.4.3 Expectant Treatment of Placenta Previa and Magnesium94

15.4.5Magnesium and Pregnancy Complicated with Diabetes Mellitus94

16.2镁缺乏症的病因96

16 Magnesium Deficiency in Childhood96

16.1 Magnesium Status in Childhood96

16.2 Etiology of Magnesium Dcficicncy96

16.1小儿的镁状况96

16 小儿镁缺乏症96

16.4 Clinical Manifestation of Magnesium Deficiency97

16.4镁缺乏的临床表现97

16.3镁缺乏症的病理生理97

16.3 Pathophysiology of Magnesium Deficiency97

16.5实验室检查98

16.6镁缺乏的诊断98

16.6 Diagnosis of Magnesium Deficiency98

16.5 Laboratory Examination98

16.7镁缺乏的治疗99

16.8镁缺乏的预防99

16.8 Prevention of Magnesium Deficiency99

16.7 Therapy of Magnesium Deficiency99

17.1.1 临床血清镁测定方法评价100

17.1血清镁测定100

17 Laboratory Determination of Magnesium100

17.1 Determination of Serum Magnesium100

17.1.1Evaluation of the Methods for Determination of Serum Magnesium100

17镁的实验室检测100

17.1.2Methods of Serum Magnesium Determination102

17.1.2 血清镁测定法102

17.2.1甲基百里香酚蓝直接测定红细胞内镁104

17.2 细胞内镁测定104

17.2.1Methylthymol Blue Method for Determination of Erythrocytes Magnesium104

17.2Intracellulqr Magnesium Determination104

17.2.2邻甲酚酞络合酮法直接测定红细胞镁105

17.2.2O-Cresolphthalein Complexone Method for Determination of Erythrocytes Magnesium105

17.2.3火焰原子吸收法直接测定淋巴细胞内镁106

17.2.3Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Determination of Lymphocytes Magnesium106

17.2.4Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Determination of Platelets Magnesium107

17.2.4火焰原子吸收法测定血小板镁107

Part Ⅲ Basic Experimental Study of Magnesium110

第三部分 镁的基础实验研究110

18Magnesium in the Regulation of Interaction of MitochondrialH-ATPase and Membrane Lipid110

18 Mg2+对线粒体H+—ATP酶与膜脂相互作用的调节。110

19Protective Role of Magnesium Against Adriamycin toxicity on Mitochondria119

19 镁离子对阿霉素致线粒体毒性的防护作用119

20Mechanism and Preliminary Clinical Study of Exogenous ATP-MGCI Complex in the Protection Against125

20 外源性能量制剂ATP—MgCl2复合物保护心肌缺血和再灌注损伤的作用机制及初步临床研究125

21 镁盐抗心肌缺血—再灌注损伤作用及其机理的在体实验研究130

21In Vivo Experimental Study of Action and Mechanism of MagnesiumAgains Myocardial Ischemia and Rep130

22 镁在再灌注心律失常中的作用及其与钾的相互关系141

22Role of Magnesium in Reperfusion Cardiac Arrhythmia and ItsRelation to Potassium141

23 镁对豚鼠心室肌细胞离子通道的影响144

23 Effect of Magnesium on Ionic Channel of Ventricular Muscle Cell ofGuinea Pig144

24 Experimental Study of High Magnesium Perfusion in improving theStunned Myocardium146

24 高镁改善挫抑心肌功能的实验研究146

25 Magnesium Against Noradrenaline-induced Myocardial Cellular Damage151

25 镁离子对抗去甲肾上腺素引起心肌细胞损害151

26 Magnesium Modification on The Activity of Myocardial cAMP-adenylateCyclase154

26 镁离子对心肌cAMP—腺苷酸环化酶系统活性的调整作用154

27 镁剂对实验性心肌梗塞范围的影响156

27 Effects of Magnesium on Experimental Infarct Size156

28 In Vivo Study of the Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on ElectricAction Potential of Rabbit Left Vent159

28 硫酸镁对在体兔左心室动作电位影响159

29 Investigation of Intra-and Extracellular Magnesium 、Potassium、Calcium、Sodium and Phosphate in162

29 慢性肺心病急性期患者细胞内外液离子镁、钾、钙、钠、磷状况的研究162

30 ATP-MgCl on Intestinal Ischemia and Hypoxia167

30 三磷酸腺苷—氯化镁与小肠缺血缺氧167

31 Correlation of Intraerythrocytic Hypomagnesiosis and DiabeticRetina Disease173

31 低红细胞镁症与糖尿病性视网膜病变的发生相关联173

32 Magnesium and Diabetic Retina Disease177

32 镁与糖尿病视网膜病变177

33 Mg2+——ATP合剂对豚鼠噪声性聋及庆大霉素耳中毒防治的实验观察（附缺镁增加庆大霉素耳毒性及噪声性聋189

33 The Study of Mg-ATP Complex in the Prcvcntion and Treatment of Noise-induced Hearing Loss and Ge189

PartⅣ Magnesium in Nutrition and Health194

34194

34.1 镁代谢概论194

第四部分 镁与营养保健194

34 镁与营养保健194

34.1 Introduction to Magnesium Metabolism194

34.2 The Recommended Dietary of Magnesium Intake and the Mg-rich Foods195

34.2镁的膳食推荐供给量及食物来源195

34.3 Dietary Magnesium and Health196

34.3饮食镁与保健；饮食镁摄入与心血管疾病发生率的关系196

34.4.1 Pregnancy,Growth and Development197

34.4.2 Possible Factors of Magnesiun Deficiency in Elderly197

34.4.2 老年人镁缺乏的可能因素197

34.4.1 妊娠，小儿生长发育期197

34.4增加镁需要的生理因素197

34.4.4应激增加镁的需要198

34.4.3运动员与镁198

34.4.3 Magnesium and Athelete198

34.4.4 Strees Increasing the Magnesium Requirement198

34.5 The Way of Magnesium Supplementation199

34.5.3含镁保健药及镁添加食物199

34.5.1 Intake of Mg-rich Foods199

34.5.3 Health Providing Drugs containg Mg and Mg-additive Foods199

34.5.2 Intake of Low-Sodium Salt Containing K and Mg instead of Common Salt199

34.5.2 食用含钾、镁的低钠盐代替普通钠盐199

34.5.1 食用含镁丰富的食品199

34．5增加补充镁营养的途径199

Others:201

1.Magnesium Agents201

1.潘南金(Panangin)201

2.其他镁制剂202

2.Low Sodium and K 、Mg rich Salts203

附录Ⅱ 含钾镁的低钠盐203

3.Mg rich Chinese Tranditional Drugs204

附录Ⅲ 含镁丰富的中药204