笛卡尔 当理性遭遇信仰【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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笛卡尔：当理性遭遇信仰3

一 第一位近代哲学家3

哲学是什么3

经院哲学4

笛卡尔——第一位近代哲学家6

二 笛卡尔的生平9

出生10

军旅时光11

锅炉房11

梦和幻觉12

流浪者12

定居荷兰14

晚年生活15

结论16

三 科学家18

代数学和几何学19

世界20

光和视觉22

气象学22

错误23

四 方法和原理26

简化论27

量和思维性事物28

清楚分明的观念28

先在因和终极因29

观察和科学方法30

理性主义者31

五 怀疑论者和“我思”论33

对基督教某些真理的论证33

《沉思录》34

沉思的六天35

对《沉思录》的回应40

六 上帝43

证明上帝的存在44

笛卡尔循环45

因果适当性46

我们应如何理解本体论论证47

终极实在还是深度49

哲学家的上帝49

上帝与运动51

联系理论53

笛卡尔真正信奉什么56

七 灵魂59

机器中有幽灵吗60

原始观念63

感知和表现64

灵魂的激情65

精神能够影响物质吗66

肉体能够影响精神吗67

晚期思想68

八 “动物机器”：笛卡尔与动物71

动物是自动机器吗71

动物机器72

仅仅是自动机器吗73

没有思想和语言74

有意识，但不是自我认知75

当今如何看待76

九 笛卡尔与女性主义78

新视点78

身心分离79

可视性81

自然与文化84

好奇和空间85

偏离自我87

疯狂和理智88

整体颂90

十 向笛卡尔告别吗92

精神是否有别于肉体92

可以理性地分析宇宙吗101

纪念107

Descartes - A Beginner' s Guide113

1 The first modern philosopher113

What is philosophy?113

The Schoolmen114

Descartes-the first modern philosopher?115

2 René Descartes: a life120

Give me the child...121

Army days122

The stove-heated room123

Dreams and visions123

The wanderer124

Settled in Holland125

The end of his life127

In conclusion128

3 The scientist130

Algebra and geometry131

The world132

Light and vision134

Meteors135

Mistakes136

4 Methods and principles139

Reductionism140

Quantities and thinking things141

Clear and distinct ideas142

Prior and final causes142

Observation and the scientific method143

The Rationalist144

5 The sceptic and the cogito147

A demonstration of some truths of Christianity?147

The meditations148

The six days of meditations149

Responses to The meditations155

6 God159

Proving that God exists160

The Cartesian circle161

Causal adequacy163

What can we make of the ontological argument?164

Ultimate reality,or depth?166

The God of the philosophers166

God and motion168

Contact theory171

So what did Descartes believe?174

7 The soul178

Ghost in the machine?180

Primtive notion183

Sensing and representing184

The passions of the soul185

Can the mind affect the physical?186

Can bodies affect the mind?188

End thoughts189

8 ' Beast-machines' : Descartes and animals192

Animals as automata?192

The b？te-machine193

Mere automata?194

Not thinking and speaking195

Conscious, but not self-so196

And today?197

9 Descartes and feminism200

New insights200

The mind-booy split202

Visualization204

Nature and culture208

Wonder and space209

Decentring the self211

Madness and reason213

Ode to wholeness214

10 Goodbye to Descartes?217

Is the mind distinct from the body?217

Can the universe be rationally examined?227

In memoriam235