科技交流实践教程 第6版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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CHAPTER 1 Process in Technical Communication2

Defining Technical Communication3

Features of Academic Writing3

Features of Technical Communication4

Determining the Purpose8

Analyzing Your Readers12

Obstacles for Readers12

Ways to Understand Readers13

Types of Readers14

Collecting Information16

Completing an Outline18

Writing Initial Drafts22

Revising Drafts22

Writing in Groups24

Benefits and Drawbacks of Group Writing24

Guidelines for Group Writing25

Chapter Summary29

Learning Portfolio30

Communication Challenge-"A Group Project Gone Bad"30

Collaboration at Work32

Assignments33

CHAPTER 2 McDuff,Inc.:Ethics and Globalism in the Workplace38

Corporate Culture in the New Century39

Elements of a Company's Culture39

The Search for Quality40

The Global Workplace41

Strategies for Understanding Cultures41

Strategies for Communicating Internationally44

Ethics on the Job45

Ethical Guidelines for Work46

Ethics and Legal Issues in Writing47

Background and Types of Projects50

History of McDuff,Inc.50

Projects51

Corporate and Branch Offices52

Headquarters52

Branches55

Writing at McDuff58

Examples of Internal Writing58

Examples of External Writing59

Chapter Summary59

Learning Portfolio61

Communication challenge-" McDuff's Moscow Buyout:Global Dilemmas"61

Collaboration at Work63

Assignments64

CHAPTER 3 Organizing Information78

Importance of Organization79

Three Principles of Organization80

ABC Format for Documents84

Document Abstract:The"Big Picture"for Decision-Makers84

Document Body:Details for All Readers85

Document Conclusion:Wrap-Up Leading to Next Step86

Tips for Organizing Sections and Paragraphs87

Document Section87

Paragraphs88

Chapter Summary89

Learning Portfolio90

Communication Challenge-"Telecommuting:The Last Frontier?"90

Collaboration at Work93

Assignments94

Models for Good Writing99

Model 3-1:ABC format in whole document99

Model 3-2:ABC format in document section101

Model 3-3:ABC format in paragraphs102

CHAPTER 4 Page Design104

Guidelines for Page Design105

Paper105

White Space106

Headings109

Lists114

In-Text Emphasis115

Fonts and Color116

Size of Type116

Font Types116

Color118

Computers in the Writing Process118

Using Computers to Plan118

Using Computers to Draft119

Using Computers to Revise119

Problems to Avoid121

Chapter Summary122

Learning Portfolio123

Communication Challenge-"The St.Paul Style Guide:Trouble in the River City"123

Collaboration at Work125

Assignments126

Models for Good Writing130

Model 4-1:Page design in memorandum130

CHAPTER 5 Patterns of Organization132

Argument133

Short Cases from McDuff:Argument134

Guidelines for Writing Argument135

Example of Argument137

Definition137

Short Cases from McDuff:Definitions138

Guidelines for Writing Definitions139

Example of Expanded Definition142

Description142

Short Cases from McDuff:Descriptions143

Guidelines for Writing Descriptions143

Examples of Description145

Classification/Division146

Short Cases from McDuff:Classification/Division146

Guidelines for Classification147

Example of Classification148

Guidelines for Division149

Example of Division150

Comparison/Contrast151

short Cases from McDuff:Comparison/Contrast151

Guidelines for Comparison/Contrast151

Example of Comparison/Contrast153

Chapter Summary153

Learning Portfolio155

Communication Challenge-"A Dome Gone South:Argument in Action"155

Collaboration at Work157

Assignments158

Models for Good Writing164

Model 5-1:Memo report-example using argument164

Model 5-2:Detailed description(with definition included)166

Model 5-3:Technical description(with definition included):Bunsen burner168

Model 5-4:Part-by-part comparison/contrast:three bulldozers171

CHAPTER 6 Process Descriptions and Instructions174

Process Descriptions Versus Instrucfions175

Process Descriptions at McDuff175

Instructions at McDuff176

Guidelines for Process Descriptions177

Guidelines for Instructions181

Chapter Summary186

Learning Portfolio188

Communication Challenge-"McDuff's Home of Hope:The Good,the Bad,and the Ugly?"188

Collaboration at Work190

Assignments191

Models for Good Writing197

Model 6-1:McDuff process description:electronic mail197

Model 6-2:McDuff instructions:electronic mail198

Model 6-3:Process description200

Model 6-4:A McDuff process description with a flowchart(both are included in an appendix to a report to a client)201

Model 6-5:Instructions for making travel orrangements (McDuff's departed Baltimore travel coordinator left a narrative description of the procedure he followed[original version],which was then reformatted and edited[revised version])202 Model 6-6: McDuffmemo containing how-to instructions for a phone message recorder(rewritten from manufacturer's difficult-to-follow instructions)204

CHAPTER 7 Letters,Memos,and Electronic Communication208

General Guidelines for Letters and Memos209

Specific Guidelines for Letters and Memos214

Positive Letters215

Negative Letters216

Neutral Letters217

Sales Letters219

Memoranda220

Email222

Appropriate Use and Style of Email222

ABC Format for Email223

Guidelines for Email224

Chapter Summary228

Learning Portfolio229

Communication Challenge-"Ethics and Sales Letters"229

Collaboration at Work231

Assignments231

Models for Good Writing239

Model 7-1:McDuff sample letter239

Model 7-2:McDuff sample memo240

Model 7-3:Block style for letters242

Model 7-4:Modified block style(with indented paragraphs)for letters243

Model 7-5:Simplified style for letters244

Model 7-6:Memo style245

Model 7-7:Positive letter in block style246

Model 7-8:Negative letter in modified block style(with indented paragraphs)247

Model 7-9:Neutral letter(invitation)in block style248

Model 7-10:Neutral letter(placing order)in simplified style249

Model 7-11:Sales letter in simplified style250

Model 7-12:Memorandum:changes in procedures251

Model 7-13:Memorandum:changes in benefits252

Model 7-14:Simple email message253

CHAPTER 8 Informal Reports254

When to Use Informal Reports255

Letter Reports at McDuff255

Memo Reports at McDuff256

General Guidelines for Informal Reports257

Specific Guidelines"for Five Informal Reports261

Problem Analyses261

Recommendation Reports262

Equipment Evaluations264

Progress/Periodic Reports265

Lab Reports266

Chapter Summary268

Learning Portfolio269

Communication Challenge-"A Nonprofit Job:Good Deed or Questionable Ethics?"269

Collaboration at Work271

Assignments271

Models for Good Writing280

Model 8-1:Recommendation report(letter format)280

Model 8-2:Equipment evaluation(memo format)282

Model 8-3:Problem analysis (memo format)284

Model 8-4:Progress report(memo format)286

Model 8-5:Periodic report(memo format)288

Model 8-6:Lab report(letter format)289

CHAPTER 9 Formal Reports292

When to Use Formal Reports293

Strategy for Organizing Formal Reports295

Guidelines for the Eight Parts of Formal Reports296

Cover/Title Page297

Letter/Memo of Transmittal297

Table of Contents298

List of Illustrations300

Executive Summary300

Introduction301

Discussion Sections302

Conclusions and Recommendations303

Formal Report Example304

Chapter Summary304

Learning Portfolio305

Communication Challenge-"The Ethics of Clients Reviewing Report Drafts"305

Collaboration at Work307

Assignments308

Models for Good Writing313

Model 9-1:Title page with illustration(see explanation on page 297)313

Model 9-2:Letter of transmiital314

Model 9-3:Memo of transmittal315

Model 9-4:Table of contents(all subheadings included)316

Model 9-5:Table of contents(third-level subheadings omitted)317

Model 9-6:List of illustrations-formal report318

Model 9-7:Executive summary-formal report319

Model 9-8:Introduction-formal report320

Model 9-9:Formal report321

CHAPTER 10 Proposals and Feasibility Studies338

Proposals and Feasibility Studies at McDuff340

McDuff Proposals341

McDuff Feasibility Studies342

Guidelines for Informal Proposals342

Guidelines for Formal Proposals347

Cover/Title Page347

Letter/Memo of Transmittal348

Table of Contents349

List of Illustrations349

Executive Summary349

Introduction350

Discussion Sections350

Condusion351

Appendices351

Guidelines for Feasibility Studies352

Chapter Summary354

Learning Portfolio356

Communication Challenge-"The Black Forest Proposal:Good Marketing or Bad Business?"356

Collaboration at Work358

Assignments359

Models for Good Writing367

Model 10-1:Letter proposal367

Model 10-2:Memo proposal370

Model 10-3:Formal proposal372

Model 10-4:Formal proposal381

Model 10-5:Feasibility study(one alternative)402

CHAPTER 11 Web Pages and Writing for the Web404

Your Role in Developing Web Sites and Content405

Planning406

Content Development409

Content Chunking409

Guidelines for Writing Web Content409

Adapting Content for the Web410

Scripting Languages and Software Authoring Tools410

Document Conversion Issues and Common File Formats411

Structure412

Site Structure and Types412

Process of Developing a Structure413

Navigation Design416

Guidelines for Labeling416

Grouping and Arrangement Strategies418

Design418

Design Conventions and Principles418

Finding a Theme and Developing Graphic Content420

File Formats and Graphics421

Interface Layouts422

Usability and Publication424

Testing Your Site for Your User Base425

Performing Usability Reviews425

Quick Usability Checks and System Settings425

Accessibility Guidelines428

Publishing Your Site430

Chapter Summary430

Learning Portfolio431

Communication Challenge431

Collaboration at Work432

Assignments433

CHAPTER 12 Graphics436

Terms in Graphics437

Reasons for Using Special Fonts,Color,and Graphics438

Using Fonts440

Font Types441

General Guidelines441

Using Color443

The Cost and Time of Using Color444

Developing a Color Style Sheet444

Color Terms446

Guidelines for Using Color447

General Guidelines for Graphics448

Specific Guidelines for Eight Graphics450

Tables450

Pie Charts453

Bar Charts457

Line Charts459

Schedule Charts462

Flowcharts464

Organization Charts465

Technical Drawings468

Misuse of Graphics473

Description of the Problem473

Examples of Distorted Graphics474

Chapter Summary478

Learning Portfolio479

Communication Challenge-"Massaging McDuff's Annual Report"479

Collaboration at Work481

Assignments482

CHAPTER 13 Oral Communication486

Presentations and Your Career487

Guidelines for Preparation and Delivery488

Guidelines for Presentation Graphics494

Overcoming Nervousness497

Why Do We Fear Presentations?497

A Strategy for Staying Calm498

Example of McDuff Oral Presentation500

Running Effective Meetings504

Common Problems with Meetings505

Guidelines for Good Meetings505

Chapter Summary507

Learning Portfolio509

Communication Challenge-"Ethics and the Technical Presentation"509

Collaboration at Work510

Assignments511

CHAPTER 14 Technical Research514

Getting Started515

Searching Online Catalogs517

Searching in the Library525

Library Services525

Library Resources525

Searching the Web533

Fundamentals of Web Searching533

Web Search Options534

Using Questionnaires and Interviews538

Questionnaires539

Interviews542

Using Borrowed Information Correctly544

Avoiding Plagiarism544

Following the Research Process545

Selecting and Following a Documentation System549

Varieties of Documention549

Writing Research Abstracts550

Types of Abstracts550

Guidelines for Writing Research Abstracts554

Chapter Summary556

Learning Portfolio557

Communication Challenge-"To Cite or Not to Cite"557

Collaboration at Work558

Assignments559

Models for Good Writing562

Model 14-1:Memo report citing research-APA Style562

CHAPTER 15 The Job Search570

Researching Occupations and Companies571

Job Correspondence574

Job Letters574

Resumes576

Job Interviews580

Preparation580

Performance582

Follow-Up Letters583

Negotiating584

Chapter Summary588

Learning Portfolio589

Communication Challenge-"20-Something-Have Degree,Won't Travel"589

Collaboration at Work591

Assignments592

Models for Good Writing595

Model 15-1:Job letter(modified block)and chronological resume595

Model 15-2:Job letter(block style)and chronological resume597

Model 15-3:Job letter (modified block)and functional resume599

Model 15-4:Job letter (modified block)and functional resume601

Model 15-5:Combined resume603

Model 15-6:Combined resume604

Model 15-7:Resume with graphics-not effective for computer scanning605

CHAPTER 16 Style in Technical Writing606

Overview of Style607

Definition of Style607

Importance of Tone607

Writing Clear Sentences608

Sentence Terms608

Guidelines for Sentence Style609

Being Concise610

Being Accurate in Wording614

Using the Active Voice615

What Do Active and Passive Mean?615

When Should Actives and Passives Be Used?616

Using Nonsexist Language617

Sexism and Language617

Techniques for Nonsexist Language617

Chapter Summary619

Learning Portfolio621

Communication Challenge-"An Editorial Adjustment"621

Collaboration at Work623

Assignments624

Appendix:Handbook631

Index677