英语语言学概论【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Part One2

CHAPTER ONE　Introduction2

1.1　What is language?2

1.2　Design features of language2

1.2.1　Arbitrariness3

1.2.2　Duality3

1.2.3　Creativity4

1.2.4　Displacement4

1.2.5　Cultural Transmission5

1.3　Functions of language5

1.4　What is linguistics?6

1.5　Scope of linguistics6

1.6　Some important distinctions in linguistics8

1.6.1　Descriptive ＆ Prescriptive8

1.6.2　Synchronic ＆ Diachronic8

1.6.3　Langue ＆ Parole9

1.6.4　Competence ＆ Performance9

Study questions10

CHAPTER TWO　Speech Sounds11

2.1　Phonetics11

2.1.1　Classification of English consonants12

2.1.2　Classification of English Vowels16

2.2　Orthographic representation of speech sounds——broad and narrow transcriptions18

Study questions18

CHAPTER THREE　Phonology20

3.1　Phonemes20

3.2　Phones and Allophones21

3.3　Phonemic contrast,Complementary distribution,and Minimal pair22

3.4　Syllables and clusters23

3.5　Prosodic phonology and Suprasegmental phonology24

3.6　Co-articulation effects26

3.6.1　Assimilation26

3.6.2　Elision27

3.6.3　Dissimilation28

Study questions28

CHAPTER FOUR　Morphology—Structure of Words29

4.1　Open class and closed class29

4.2　Morphology29

4.2.1　Morphemes30

4.2.2　Morphs and allomorphs31

4.2.3　Morpheme and phoneme32

4.3　Morphemic structure and phonological structure32

4.4　Word formation33

4.4.1　Derivation33

4.4.2　Compounding33

4.4.3　Inflection34

4.4.4　Borrowing words34

4.4.5　Blending34

4.4.6　Abbreviation35

4.4.7　Acronym35

4.4.8　Back formation36

Study questions36

CHAPTER FIVE　Syntax—Sentence Patterns37

5.1　The traditional approach38

5.1.1　Concord and government38

5.2　The structural approach39

5.2.1　Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations39

5.2.2　Symbols used in syntactic description41

5.2.3　Labeled tree diagrams42

5.2.4　Phrase structure rules43

5.2.5　Recursion44

5.3　The generative approach44

5.3.1　Noam Chomsky44

5.3.2　Transformational rules46

5.4　The functional approach48

5.4.1　Functional sentence perspective48

5.4.2　Systemic-Functional grammar49

Study questions51

CHAPTER SIX　Discourse Analysis52

6.1　Historical development of discourse analysis52

6.2　Definition of discourse analysis53

6.3　Basic framework for the study of discourse54

6.3.1　Language as System and as Activity54

6.3.2　Language use with Purpose and Function56

6.3.3　Language in Situation57

6.3.4　Community Context59

6.4　Cohesion60

6.4.1　Reference61

6.4.2　Substitution62

6.4.3　Ellipsis63

6.4.4　Conjunction63

6.4.5　Lexical cohesion64

6.4.6　Lexical net65

6.5　Coherence66

Study questions67

CHAPTER SEVEN　Semantics68

7.1　The meaning of"meaning"68

7.2　Some views concerning the study of meaning69

7.2.1　The naming theory69

7.2.2　The conceptualist view69

7.2.3　Behaviorism70

7.3　Word meaning70

7.4　Conceptual vs.associative meaning71

7.5　Sense relations71

7.5.1　Synonymy72

7.5.2　Antonymy72

7.5.3　Polysemy73

7.5.4　Hyponymy74

7.5.5　Prototypes74

7.6　Sense relations between sentences75

7.6.1　Entailment75

7.6.2　Presupposition76

7.6.3　Synonymy76

7.6.4　Contradiction76

7.6.5　Tautology76

7.6.6　Inconsistency76

7.6.7　Anomaly76

7.7　Analysis of meaning—semantic features77

7.7.1　Componential analysis78

7.7.2　Predicational analysis78

Study questions79

CHAPTER EIGHT　Pragmatics81

8.1　Sentence meaning vs.discourse meaning81

8.2　Presupposition82

8.3　Speech events82

8.4　Speech act theory83

8.5　The theory of conversational implicature85

8.5.1　Cooperative Principle(CP)85

8.5.2　Politeness Principle(PP)87

8.6　Conversational interaction87

Study questions89

CHAPTER NINE　Ianguage,Culture and Society90

9.1　Language and culture90

9.1.1　Sapir-Whorf hypothesis91

9.2　Language and society92

9.2.1　Speech community and speech variety92

9.2.2　Varieties of language93

9.2.3　Register96

9.2.4　Standard dialect97

9.2.5　Pidgin and Creole97

9.2.6　Bilingualism and diglossia98

Study questions99

CHAPTER TEN　First Language Acquisition100

10.1　Theories of child language acquisition100

10.1.1　A behaviorist view of language acquisition100

10.1.2　An innatist view of language acquisition100

10.1.3　An interactionist view of language acquisition102

10.2　Language environment and the Critical Period Hypothesis103

10.3　Stages in child language development104

10.3.1　Phonological development104

10.3.2　The one-word or holophrastic stage105

10.3.3　Two-word stage105

10.3.4　Telegraphic stage106

10.3.5　Atypical Development106

Study questions107

CHAPTER EIEVEN　Second Language Acquisition108

11.1　Acquisition and learning108

11.2　The nature of second language learning109

11.3　Major L2 learning theories110

11.3.1　The interlanguage theory110

11.3.2　Input and output theories111

11.3.3　Contrastive analysis111

11.3.4　The affective filter hypothesis113

11.4　Second language acquisition and its pedagogical implications114

Study questions114

CHAPTER TWELVE　Modern Linguistics Schools and Theories115

12.1　Ferdinand de Saussure115

12.2　The Prague School116

12.3　Functional Sentence Perspective(FSP)117

12.4　American structuralism117

12.5　Transformational-Generative Grammar118

12.6　Chomsky's innateness hypothesis119

12.7　The London School120

12.8　Halliday's functional grammar120

Part Two124

第一章　概述124

本章概述124

要点分析125

名词解释129

参考答案130

第二章　语音134

本章概述134

要点分析134

名词解释135

参考答案136

第三章　音系学138

本章概述138

要点分析139

名词解释143

参考答案143

第四章　形态学——单词的结构146

本章概述146

要点分析148

名词解释151

参考答案152

第五章　句法学——句子的模式155

本章概述155

要点分析156

名词解释158

参考答案158

第六章　话语分析162

本章概述162

要点分析164

名词解释165

参考答案165

第七章　语义学168

本章概述168

要点分析170

名词解释174

参考答案176

第八章　语用学179

本章概述179

要点分析180

名词解释185

参考答案187

第九章　语言、文化与社会190

本章概述190

要点分析192

名词解释197

参考答案199

第十章　第一语言习得201

本章概述201

要点分析202

名词解释204

参考答案207

第十一章　第二语言习得210

本章概述210

要点分析211

名词解释212

参考答案214

第十二章　现代语言学流派与理论217

本章概述217

要点分析218

Glossary224

语言学主要术语英汉对照表224

语言学主要术语汉英对照表268

References282